A&P 1 Flashcards

The integumentary system is the organsystem that protects the body from various kinds of damage, such as loss of water or abrasion from outside. The system comprises the skin and its appendages (including hair, scales, feathers, hooves, and nails).

protects and support body organs and provides a framework the muscle use to cause movement.Blood cells are formed within the the bones.Bones store minerals.

Allows manipulation of the environment , locomotion and facial expression , Mantains posture and produces heat

As the fast acting control system of the body , it responds to internal and external changes by activating appropriate muscle and glands

Gland secrete hormones that regulate process such as growth ,reproduction and nutrient use (metabolism by body cells

Blood vessels transport blood , which carries oxygen ,carbon dioxide, nutrients waste, etc.The heart pumps blood

picks up fluid from blood vessels and return it to blood .Disposes of debris in the lymphatic stream .Houses white blood cells (lymphocytes )involved in immunity

keeps blood constantly supplied with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide

breaks down food into more absorbable units that enter the blood for distribution to body cells to indigesable food stuff are eliminated as feces.

Eliminates nitrogenous wastes from the body. Regulates water electrolyte and electrolyte and acid base balance of the the blood.

breaking down substances into simpler building blocks

synthesizing more complex cellular from simpler substances

is the ability to maintain relatively stable internal conditions even though the the outside world changes continuously

#1. receptor

#2. control system

#3 afferent pathway

Axial:the head trunk

Appendicular: limbs

STERNAL(STERNUM), AXILLARY AND MAMMARY

Toward the head end or upper part of a structure or the body above.(ex)the head is superior to the shoulder

Away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure of the body;below ex)the navel is inferior to the the chin

toward at the front of the body ;in front of.EX) the breastbone is anterior to the spine

Toward or at the front of the body;behind

the heart is posterior to the breastbone

Toward or at the mid line of the body; on the inner side of

the heart is medial to trunk

Away from the midline of the body l on the outer side of

the arms are lateral to the chest

Between a more medial and a more lateral structure

The collar bone is intermediate between the breastbone and shoulder

Closer to the origin of the body part or the point or the attachment of the a limb to the trunk

the elbow is proximal to the wrist

Farther from the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

the knee is is distal to the tigh

toward or at the body surface

The lungs are deep to the skin

Is a vertical plane that divides the body into right and left parts

Lies exactly in the middle of the body

divides the body into unequal halves

Ventral cavity:houses the pleura cavities which encases the lungs .

Superior Mediastenum houses the

Protects the fragile nervous system organs,has two subdivisions the cranial and the vertebral cavities

HAS TWO MAJOR SUBDIVISIONS THE THORACIC AND THE ABDOMINO PELVIC AREA CAVITY .IT HOUSES THE INTERNAL ORGANS CALLED VISCERA OR VISCERAL ORGANS

THE LUNGS

IT CONTAINS THE PERICARDIAL CAVITY ,WHICH IT ENCLOSES THE HEART , ESOPHAGUS and THE THRACHEA

The walls of the ventral cavity and the outer surfaces of the organs on the ventral cavity are protected by a thin double layer membrane called serosa or serous membrane

regional term

Head neck and trunk

The limbs

Sternal ,Axillary ,mamary

Umbilical

Inguinal(groin)

Encloses the heart and it also surrounds the other remaining thoracic organs (esophagus, trachea and others)

The abdominopelvic cavity is divided into the abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity.

Abdominal cavity contains the intestines,the stomach,spleen, liver and other organs.

The pelvic cavity contains the urinary bladder, some reproductive organs and rectum

The walls of the ventral body cavity and the outer surfaces of the organs it contains are covered by a thin double layer called the "serosa" or the serorus membrane

lines into the pericardial cavity and folds back as the visceral pericardium, which it cover the heart

line the walls of the of the thoracic cavity and the visceral pleurae cover the lungs.

is associated with the walls of the abodominopelvic cavity while the visceral peritoneum covers most of the organs within that cavity

the forehead is superior to the nose

The navel is inferior to the breast bone

The breast bone is anterior to the the spine

The heart is posterior ton the breastbone

The heart is medial to the arms

The armas are lateral to the chest

The elbow is proximal to the wrist

The knee is distal to the thigh

The skins superficial to the skeleton

The lungs are deep to the rib cage

ventral

dorsal

anterior

posterior

cephalic

rostral

caudal

superior

inferior

medial

lateral

distal

deep

Are double thin layer composed of connective and epithelial tissue.they line the walls of the thoracic and abdominal cavities and then fold back to cover the organs within the cavities.A slippery serous fluid produced by the cells of the membrane is found in between the two layers. This fluid permits the free sliding of the two layers during movement. THE portion of the membrane attached to an organ is called the visceral layer. The external layer or the portion of the membrane that attaches the body wall is called the parietal layer.

Surrounds the heart

Surround the lungs

Surrounds many organs in the abdominopelvic cavity

The heart is in the thoracic cavity over the ventral cavity

The trachea is locate din the superior is in the superior mediastenum cavity of the thoracic cavity over the ventral cavity

in the abdominal cavity on the ventral cavity

pelvic cavity on the ventral cavity

is located in the vertebral cavity o the dorsal cavity