Development Through the Lifespan: Exam 2 Study Guide Flashcards

Neurons

When baby Jaleel was born, stimulation in his brain resulted in a massive overabundance of synapses. Neurons that were seldom stimulated began to lose their synapses. This proves is known as

Which of the following statements about the cerebral cortex is true?

The specialization of the two hemispheres of the brain is known as

________ greatly influences the organization of the cerebral cortex.

which of the following learning experiences should Cheryl, a caregiver, use to promote experience-expectant brain growth?

Between birth and 2 years,

Rachel is concerned that she night accidentally suffocate her baby if she shares a bed with him. What information can you share with Rachel about precautions taken in culture where cosleeping is widespread?

The US Department of Health and Human Services advise exclusive breastfeeding for the first time ________ and inclusion of breast milk in the baby’s diet until at least ______

Jack and Jami are concerned that their chubby infant son Angus will become an overweight adult. Which of the following steps can they take to help prevent that?

Yolanda, age 2 is being raised in Texas by a single mother. while Yolanda’s mother works, she does to always have sufficient funds to purchase enough food for a healthy, active life. Yolanda is skinny and withdrawn. Yolanda suffers from

A researcher hangs a mobile over the crib of 4 month-old Anya. When the researcher attached Anya’s foot to the mobile with a long cord, Anya can, by kicking, make the mobile turn. The turning if the mobile is an example of a(n)

Of all motor skills, _______ may play the greatest role in infant cognitive development.

Piaget believed that infants and toddlers

1. According to Piaget, specific psychological structures called __________ are organized ways of making sense of experience.

1. During__________, children use their current schemes to interpret the external world, whereas in __________, children create new schemes or adjust old ones after noticing that their current ways of thinking do not capture the environment completely.

Baby luigi retrieves his pacifier, which his mother has hidden behind a pillow. Baby Luigi has begun to master

Recall is more challenging than recognition because it

Research on infantile amnesia suggests that adults typically cannot rememberevents that happened during the first few years of life because

In the form of teaching known as scaffolding, as a child's competence increases, the adult

research using the HOME checklist reveals that the extent to which parents _____ is especially important in facillitating toddler's intelligence test performance

_____is/are much better indicators than an early mental test score of how children will do later.

research showed that by age 3, children in Early Head Start

Which of the following paren-child activities strongly predicts academic success during the school years?

According to Erikson, a healthy outcome during infancy depends on the

Twenty two year old daniel is overly dependent on his girlfriend, Missy. Daniel continually doubts his ability to meet new challenges. Daniel may not have fully mastered the tasks of _____ and _____ during infancy and childhood

John Bowlby retained the psychoanalytic idea that

According to Bowlby,the ____ becomes a vital part of personality, serving as a guide for all future close relationships.

In the Strange Situation, Olivia seems unresponsive to her mother when she is present. When her mother leaves, Olivia is not distressed. She reacts to the stranger in much the same way. Olivia is demonstrating characteristics of _______ attachment

_______ is best described as a sensitively tuned "emotional dance ."

Compared with securely attached infants, avoidant babies tend to receive _____ care.

Parents who discuss their childhoods with objectivity and balance, regardless of whether their experiences were positive or negative, tend to have ______ infants

Research on childcare in infancy has found that

_____ increases the chance of sibling conflict

Two year old Ann marie tells her mom, "I a good girl." This statement demonstrates that Annmarie is beginning to develop

Fibers linking ____ to the _____ grow and myelinate from birth through the preschool years, contributing to dramatic gains in motor coordination

The ______, located a the base of the brain, plays a critical role be lreleasing two hormones that induce growth.

In the United States, ______ is/are the leding cause of death among children more than 1 year old

Which of the following statements about sex differences in motor skills in early childhood is true?

Piaget acknowledged that _____ is our most flexible means of mental representation

Preschoolers who ___ are seen as more socially competent by their teachers

According to Piaget, the most fundamental deficiency of preoperational thinking is

Conservation refers to the

In Pauls preschool classroom, children are encouraged to choose activities from a rich variety of materials designed to promote exploration. this preschool emphasizes the Piagetian principle of

Three year old Maya is asked to describe what happens at preschool. This task requires Maya to use

Dr. Wizda is asessing the home life of a preschool child using the home obervasion of measurent of the environment(HOME). She observes the parent converse with the child four times during the visit. On which scale should Dr. Wizda record this observation?

Preschool viewing of educational television programming like Sesame Street is associated with

According to Erikson, the psychological conflict of the preschool years is

According to Erikson, preschoolers exuberant play and bold efforts to master new tasks break down when they

Adults can avoid promoting self defeating reactions in children by

Research on emotional understanding shows that preschoolers

The more parents _____, the more "emotion words" children use and the better developed their emotional understanding

Among Western children, when guilt occurs in apprpriate circumstances and is not accompanied by shame, it is related to

Which of the following is an example of a direct parental influence on children's peer sociability?

Most theories of moral development agree that at first, a child's morality is

truly moral individuals

according to Freud, children

Research reveals that inductive discipline

Discipline that relies on _____ makes children so anxious and frightened that they cannot think clearly enough to figure out what they should do

Warmth and responsiveness, competence and power, and consistency between assertions and behavior are all characteristics

A few minutes in time out can be enough to change behavior and also allows parents

Shelby tells her classmates not to play with Sophie because "she lies". This is an example of ______ aggresion

Reviewers of thousands of studies have concluded that TV violence

In Michaela's preschool classroom, the girls spend more time in the housekeeping and art centers,while the boys play with blocks and legos. This is an example o

Mark rates his personality as ambitious, competitive, affectionate, cheerful, and soft-spoken. Mark's repsonse indicate an

Authoritarian parents

Which of the following statements about the authoritative child rearing style is true?

Bobby is anxious, unhappy, and has low self esteem. When frustrated, bobby tends to react with hostility. His parents are mostly likely to fit which of the following child-rearing styles

LONGITUDINAL RESEARCH INDICATES THAT AUTHORITATIVE CHILD REARING

_____ and _____ are at the greatest risk for physical, emotional, and sexual abuse.