Development Through the Lifespan: Developmental Psychology Exam 1 Study Guide Flashcards

developmental science is a field of study devoted to

Within the _______ view of development, new ways of understanding and responding to the world emerge at specific times.

Although Justin spent his first 18 months in an orphanage, his adoptive mother believes that sensitive caregiving will help Justin overcome his early experiences. Justin’s mother emphasizes the role of ______ in development.

The lifespan perspective on human development assumes that development is

according to the lifespan perspective, ______ is supreme in its impact on the life course.

Which of the following is an example of an age-graded influence?

Although Betty grew up in a rundown neighborhood, had divorced parents, and rarely saw her father, she is a successful, happy, and health adult. Betty;s ability to adapt effectively in the face of threats to development is known as

Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution emphasized ________ and ______.

G. Stanley Hall and his student, Arnold Gesell,

According to the _______ perspective, people move through a series of stages in which they confront conflicts between biological drives and social expectations.

According to Sigmund Freud, the

In contrast to Sigmund Freud, Erik Erikson

In historic experiment with 11-month-old Albert, John Watson demonstrated that

According to B.F. Skinner and operant conditioning, _________ will increase the frequency of a behavior and ______ will decrease the frequency of a behavior.

A(n) _______ period is a time that optimal for certain capacities to emerge.

Unlike Jean Piaget. Lev Vygotsky viewed cognitive development as a _________ process.

Ecological systems theory views the person as

A _______ is a prediction about behavior drawn from a _______.

Taking tests and answering questionnaire are examples of

Dr. Wiren observes children’s responses to bullying by watching them play in a park. This is an example of a(n)

_________ ask research participation to provide information on their perceptions, thoughts, and feelings.

Jade spent two years in a Mexican-American community studying communication between parents and children. Jade is using the ________ research method.

In a(n) _____ design, research look at relationship between participations’ characteristics and their behavior or development.

Dr. Anodyne found a correlation of +.49 illegal drugs use and levels of adolescent delinquency. This correlation is _________ and ________.

In an experiment examining whether phonics instruction in preschool increases a child’s reading level in third grade, the dependent variable would be the

A major strength of the longitudinal design is that researchers can

In a longitudinal study, _______ effect occur when individuals born in the same time period are influenced by a particular set of historical and cultural conditions.

in a cross-sectional design, researchers study

One limitation of debriefing is

Ethical standards permit deception in research studies if

A ______ is a complex blend of genetic information that determines the species and influences unique characteristics.

Generally, human ________ come in 23 matching pairs.

The sex of a new organism is determined by whether

Gilles has had frequent and high exposure to radiation in his occupation for the past ten years. Gilles’s offspring are at greater risks for ________ than children whose father were not exposed to radiation.

The risk of bearing a child with down syndrome rises dramatically with

To detect developmental problems before birth, doctors use

Most adopted children

Higher SES parents tend to emphasize the importance of ______ for their children, whereas lower SES parents tend to emphasize ______.

of all western nations, ________ has the highest percentage of extremely poor children.

The United States is strongly _____, whereas most Western European countries lean toward _____.

Among African Americans, living within an extended family tends to produce

The United States

Which of the following is strongly canalized?

Bart and Nadia are gymnasts, Their son, 4-year old Dylan, participates in children’s gymnastics. This is an example of

an ovum bursts from one of the woman’s two ___ and is drawn into one of the two ______

Following fertilization, a one-celled _______ multiplies and forms a _______

The most rapid prenatal changes take place in the period of the _____

By the _____ week of pregnancy, Monica will be able to learn the sex of her fetus

Viability occurs to between ________ weeks.

The term teratogen refers to

Which of the following is true about the harm done by teratogens?

Willa gets regular headaches. While pregnant, Willa being using aspirin to ease the pain because she is convinced that aspirin is harmless. What effects can Willa’s regular aspirin use have on the developing organism?

It is difficult to isolate the precise damage caused by illegal drugs during pregnancy because

Adolescents prenatally exposed to smoking tend to have________ than those born to mothers who did not smoke.

Maryann is pregnant and works in a smoke-filled environment. What can you tell her about passive smoking?

Recent evidence suggests that paternal alcohol use around the time of conception

The more alcohol a woman consumes during pregnancy

Untreated HIV-infected expectant mothers pass the deadly virus to the developing organism ________ percent of the time

frequent, vigorous exercise, especially late pregnancy, results in

The poorer the mother’s diet, the _________, especially if malnutrition occurs during the last trimester

The effects on stress on the developing organism can be greatly reduced if the mother

the Apgar Scale rates the following newborns characteristics:

A certified nurse-midwife

Epidural analgesia

Preterm infants

Small-for-date infants _______ than preterm infants

A ______ is a inborn, automatic responses to a particular form of stimulation.

Although newborns sleep more at night than during the day, their sleep-wake cycle are affected more by ______ than by _________.

_______ doubles the risk of SIDS.

Which of the following is supported by research on colic?

______ helps stimulate early physical growth and vital for emotional development as well.