Human Anatomy & Physiology: MUSCLES AND TISSUE Flashcards

Muscle fibers use ATP to generate force
-3 types: Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth

usually attached to bones of skeleton, boluntary and striated (alternating light/dark bands on stained fibers)

Forms most of wall of hear, involuntary, branched, striated and contains intercalated discs (with gap junctions and desmosomes)

Located in walls of hollow organs (blood vessels, airways, digestive, urinary, reproductive), involuntary, and nonstriated

basic functional units of a myofibril in muscle, separated by Z discs

Actin and myosin

in thin filaments

in thick filaments

troponin and tropomysosin in thin filaments

resting membrane potential

threshold Potential

The functional unit of a skeletal muscle fiber is the

The space between the neuron and the muscle is the:

The sequence of electrical changes that occurs along the sarcolemma when a muscle fiber is stimulated is known as the

Which of the following allows recoil of the muscle fiber when contraction ends?

Elasticity refers to the ability of a muscle fiber to

A sarcomere is part of a:

The refractory period in which the muscle will not contract if stimulated occurs during __________ of the muscle cell.

What is the cause of rigor mortis?

Where does 95% of the energy needed for contraction come from during moderate exercise?

An entire skeletal muscle is surrounded by:

s an axon enters a muscle, it branches into a number of axonal terminals, each of which forms a neuromuscular junction with a single muscle fiber. A motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it supplies is called a:

Each skeletal muscle fiber is controlled by a neuron at a single:

In the sliding filament model of muscle contraction, the myofilaments slide over each other, resulting in the overlapping of actin and _________

Single, fusiform, uninucleate; no striation

Single, very long, cylindrical, multinucleate cells with striation

Branching chains of cells; uni- or binucleate striations; intercalated discs

Ability to receive and respond to a stimulus

Ability to shorten forcibly when adequately stimulated

Ability of a muscle to resume its resting length after being stretched

Ability to be stretched or extended

Contraction of the muscle in which the muscle shortens and does work

Type of muscle fibers that contract quickly and rely on aerobic respiration for ATP

Type of fibers that have few mitochondria

Type of muscle fibers that are most resistant to fatigue

Plasma membrane of skeletal muscle fiber

Cytoplasm of a skeletal muscle fiber

Series of membranous channels (modified ER) that surround each myofibr

Rod-like contractile elements within a muscle fiber

Area of the sarcomere with overlapping thick and thin filaments

Area of the sarcomere containing only thin filaments

Functional unit of a skeletal muscle fiber

Contains vesicles filled with acetylcholin

Space between the neuron and the muscle

Contains receptors for acetylcholine

Type of contraction represented by a single stimulus/contraction/relaxation sequence

When a muscle is stimulated repeatedly for several seconds with a constant stimulus, the amount of tensions gradually increases to a maximum.

Activities best suited for slow oxidative fibers

Activities best suited for fast oxidative fibers

Activities best suited for fast glycolytic fibers

Branching chains of cells; uni- or binucleate striations; intercalated disc

Single, fusiform, uninucleate; no striations

Single, very long, cylindrical, multinucleate cells with striations

Ability to receive and respond to a stimulus

Ability to shorten forcibly when adequately stimulated

Ability to be stretched or extended

Ability of a muscle to resume its resting length after being stretched

Contraction of muscle during which the muscle changes in length and the tension remains constant through most of the contractile period

Contraction of muscle during which the tension continues to increase but the muscle neither shortens nor lengthens

Contraction of the muscle in which the muscle shortens and does work

Contraction of muscle in which the muscle contracts as it lengthens

Type of muscle fibers that are most resistant to fatigue

Type of muscle fibers that contract quickly and rely on aerobic respiration for ATP

Type of fibers that have few mitochondria

The time between the stimulus or the electrical event and the mechanical event of contraction

The time during which the muscle is shortening

The time during which the muscle is returning to its original length

The very brief time after one stimulus during which the muscle is unresponsive to a second stimulu

Pulling on something to change its position

Development of tension to prevent movement, as in keeping the vertebral column uprigh

Attaching to bones and keeping them in close proximity to one another

Release of energy during metabolism.

major function of muscle