Chapter 12 Flashcards

lateral ventricles: line each hemisphere

3rd, 4th ventricle: in brain sterm

subrachnoid space

Neuroglia cells called ependymal cells

Ependymal cells associated BV that produce CSF

protects brain from movement of the skull + vertebral column -> brain floats

buoyancy -> weight brain is reduced

Result from blockage of CSF through CNS (cerebral aqueduct)

Elderly people

1. Brain Stem
2. Cerebellum
3. DIencephalon
4. Cerebrum

Connect the spinal cord and cerebellum

Anterior part: contain descending tracts involved with motor control

Posterior: contain ascending tracts from the spinal cord, cerebellum and craial nerve

Control of hear rate, blood pressure, breathing

Smallest region of brain stem

Composed of tracts of nerve fibers

the largest midbrain nuclei

Visual reflexes

Auditory reflexes

Receptors respond to opiates (thuoc phien)

• Cerebral cortex communicate with pons
• Some nuclei relay info between cerebrum and pons
• lower part of pons control balance, breathing, swallowing,

• Most inferior portion of brain stem, continuous spinal cord.
• Ra[idly fatal

• Heart rate control
• Blood pressure regulation
• Breathing
• Vomiting (non)

• Begins at upper portion of medulla
• Some in brain stem
• Damage can result in coma opposite
  half of the body

1. regulation of sleep
2. arousal (hung phan)
3. maintaining consciousness.

(little brain) smaller version of cerebrum

Cerebellar peduncle

1. Superior cerebellar peduncle: connecting with the midbrain
2. Middle cerebellar peduncle: connecting with the pons
3. Inferior cerebellar peduncle: connecting with the medulla oblongata

consists of outer cortex and nuclei deep within the cerebellum

consists of tracts collectively called arbor vitae

Flocculonodular lobe, vermis, lateral he,ispheres

• a small inferior part

• Help control balance and coordination

• Alcohol depresses cerebellum so, drinking driver test walking with imbalance

two large hemispheres

concert with the frontal lobes of
the cerebral cortex in planning, and learning complex movements.

Location: between brain stem and cerebrum

Main components: the thalamus, epithalamus, and hypothalamus

• The largest part if the diencephalon
• shape liek yo yo
• collection of sensory input

a small stalk in the center connecting two
lateral portions

Ascending axons carrying sensory information project to the thalamus

they synapse with thalamic neurons -> thalamic neurons send their axons to the cerebral cortex -> most awareness of sensory input occurs.

(audiotory, visual,, pain, touch pass through thalamus)

Small area, superior and posterior to the thalamus

habenular nuclei and pineal body

influenced by the sense of smell

involved in emotional

visceral responses to odors. (mui hoi)

Influence the sleep-wake cycle

The most inferior part of the diencephalon •

A collection of nuclei: connect to many other parts of the brain and spinal cord

Involved with autonomic, endocrine, emotional (limbic system)

helpingcontrol heart rate, blood vessel diameter, urine release from the urinary bladder, and the movement of food through the digestive tract.

HT is a part of the limbic system and affects mood, motivation, and emotions.

Feeling relaxed, sexual pleasure, rage, and fear are related to HT

involved in emotional response to order, olfactory
reflexes and memory

Logitudinal fissure: divide into left and right hemispheres

voluntary motor function, motivation, aggression, the sense of smell, and mood.

the reception and evaluation of most sensory information, such as touch, pain, temperature, balance, and taste.

• The frontal and parietal lobes are
separated by the central sulcus.

reception and integration of visual input.

Receive and evaluate input for smell and hearing.

the gray matter on the outer surface of the cerebrum

clusters of gray matter deep inside the brain

white matter of the brain between the cortex and nuclei

Consist of tracts that connect areas of the cerebral cortex to each other or to other parts of the CNS

Association fibers, Commissural fibers, Projection fibers

connect areas of the cerebral cortex within the same hemisphere

connect one cerebral hemisphere to the other.

between the cerebrum and other parts of the brain and spinal cord

Sensory pathways project to specific regions of the cerebral cortex, called primary
sensory areas.

Visual cortex: processing visual images in the occipital lobe

auditory cortex: processing auditory stimuli in the temporal lobe

Taste area: perceive in the parietal lobe

Olfactory cortex: conscious and unconscious responses to odor on the inferior surface of the temporal lobe

primary motor cortex and premotor area

controlling motor functions of the feet are in the most superior.

controlling the face are in the inferior region

the staging area in which motor functions are organized before they are initiated in the motor cortex

A group of functionally related nuclei located in the inferior cerebrum, diencephalon, and midbrain

Control of motor funtion

is located in the diencephalon.

is located in the midbrain

Parts of the cerebrum and diencephalon are grouped together

memory, reproduction, and nutrition