Campbell Biology 10th Edition: CH.12 Flashcards

Dividing of a cell into two new cells

The totality of a cells DNA

When DNA is divided into pieces

Non-reproductive cells that have two sets of chromosomes = Diploid (2N)

Reproductive cells that have one set of chromosomes = Haploid (N)

Each DNA strand in the duplicated DNA chromosome

Where duplicated DNA molecules attach the sister chromatids

What is DNA packaged into?

Where spindles extend from in animal cells.

A complex of proteins associated with the centromere

What are the functions of Interphase?

What are the three sub-phases that happen during Interphase?

What happens in G1 of Interphase?

What happens in S of Interphase?

What happens in G2 of Interphase?

What are the functions of the Mitotic Phase?

What are the two sub-phases of the Mitotic (M) Phase?

Involves a single division, and results in two identical daughter cells that each contain the full, diploid genome.

What are the 5 phases of Mitosis?

In what stage of the cell cycle does centrosomes replicate (including centrioles in animals)

The nuclear envelope remains intact in what stage of the cell cycle?

In what stage of the cell cycle are chromosomes that were replicated in S-phase remain diffused (spread out)?

Chromosomes/Chromatin Condense (start to change) in what phase of the cell cycle?

The nucleoli disappears in this phase of the cell cycle.

Centrosomes separate, moving to opposite poles during what phase in the cell cycle?

Mitotic spindle begins to form in what phase of the cell cycle?

The nuclear envelope breaks down in the phase

Spindle microtubules invade the nuclear region in what phase of the cell cycle?

Kinetochore microtubules attach to centromeres of chromosomes.

(each chromosome is attached to two microtubules, one from each side)

Centrosomes arrive at opposite ends in what phase?

Chromosomes align on the metaphase plate in what phase?

Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite ends of the cell

The cell begins to lengthen via interactions between the non-kinetochore microtubules

Two daughter nuclei reform

Chromosomes decondense (go back to diffused state)

Cytokinesis, or the division of the cytoplasm occurs concurrently and finishes soon after this phase.

Consists of fibers made of microtubules and centrosomes

Move chromosomes to the metaphase plate

Some _________ _______________ attach to the kinetochores of chromosomes.

What type of microtubules from opposite poles overlap and push against each other to elongate the cell?

The separation of chromosomes = _________

and

The division of the cytoplasm = ___________

Cytokinesis occurs by a process known as cleavage, forming a cleavage furrow in what type of cell?

A cell plate forms during cytokinesis in what type of cell?

Has specific checkpoints where the cell cycle stops until a go-ahead signal is received.

Either commits to dividing or dies

Does a final check and looks for any problems

Checking to see if everything is in order

If G1 chooses not to divide where does the cell go?

What cues trigger cell cycle regulation?

Kinetochores that are not attached to spindle microtubules

DNA that has not completed replication

Insufficient cell growth

Growth factors, proteins released by certain cells that stimulate other cells to divide

Density-dependent inhibition

Chromosome replication begins. Soon thereafter, one copy of the origin moves rapidly toward the other end of the cell.

Replication continues. One copy of the origin is now at each end of the cell.

Replication finishes. The plasma membrane grows inward, and new cell wall is deposited.

Two daughter cells result.

Prokaryotes reproduce by a type of cell division called?

How do bacteria divide?

What is Binary Fissioning?

When do Mitotic Spindles begin to form?

Short microtubules that extend from each centrosome.

Microtubules that elongate by incorporating more subunits of the protein tubulin.