In asthmatic individuals the "common cold" caused by rhinoviruses can be treated
for symptoms or with the prescription antiviral pleconaril
Which of the following RNA virus families include the smallest viral pathogen in animals?
Picornaviridae
Which of the following is a family of six-pointed, star-shaped viruses that cause gastrointestinal diseases?
Caliciviridae
Which of the following statements about rhinoviruses is FALSE?
they are the only viruses that can cause a common cold
Enteroviruses gain their name from the fact that they
are transmitted by the fecal-oral route
Diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting are signs and symptoms associated with which of the following viruses?
norovirus
Some patients who have suffered from polio develop symptoms 30-40 years later in the form of
crippling deterioration and dysfunction in the polio-affected muscles
The type of polio that involves the infection of the brain stem and medulla is
bulbar poliomyelitis
Fever, fatigue, loss of appetite, and a yellow color of the sclera and skin, without hemorrhaging or kidney damage, are typically observed with
hepatitis
Diseases caused by coxsackie A virus include
both hand-foot and mouth disease and viral meningitis
Which of the following viruses is suspected of being a cause of diabetes mellitus?
coxackie B virus
Which of the following viruses may cause viral meningitis?
both echoviruses and coxsackie viruses
Enteric hepatitis is fatal for 20% of people in which of the following groups?
pregnant women
How do coronaviruses differ from togaviruses?
coronaviruses have helical capsids
Which of the following is a member of the Flaviviridae that is NOT an arbovirus?
hepatitis C virus
the west nile virus is considered a
flavivirus
The disease known as dengue hemorrhagic fever is actually
a hyperimmune response to reinfection with the dengue virus
Which of the following is MISMATCHED?
Salk vaccine; administered orally
Which of the following viruses is considered a childhood disease, was first identified by a German physician and is know to cause "three-day measles?
rubella
A child has a mild fever and a macular rash primarily on the torso. No lesions are evident in the mouth, and the child has not complained of pain. Which of the following diseases might the child have?
three-day measles
The transmission of enteric hepatitis is most effectively prevented by
good public sanitation and personal hygiene
Which of the following characteristics distinguishes coronaviruses from rhinoviruses?
envelope is present
Which of the following enzymes allows retroviruses to transcribe DNA from ssRNA?
reverse transcriptase
the human T-lymphotropic virus 1 causes
adult acute T-cell lymphocytic leukemia
The recent epidemic of SARS virus was caused by a
coronavirus
A child has a fever, chills, muscle aches, and conjunctivitis. She is also developing a rash caused by subcutaneous hemorrhaging and complains about exposure to sunlight. With which of the following viruses might she be infected?
coltivirus
Which of the following cells is NOT infected by HIV?
B lymphocytes
How are HIV virions rendered virulent?
the action of protease releases reverse transcriptase and capsomeres after the virion buds from the cell
A scientist discovers a new virus affecting birds. After isolation, the virus is characterized as having single-strand RNA in an icosahedral capsid and an envelope. to which of the following virus families might this new virus belong?
Flaviviridae
Which of the following cells are a major reservoir for HIV?
monocytes and macrophages
Which of the following bodily fluids is commonly a source of infection by HIV?
breast milk, semen, and vaginal secretions
An emerging fatal disease in humans caused by one of the members of the Paramyxoviridae is known as
Nipahvirus
Ebola hemorrhagic virus is caused by which type of virus?
filovirus
Public health scientists discover and become concerned about a new strain of RNA virus among farm animals, especially geese and pigs, in the Midwest. each virion is composed of lipid, helical proteins, and multiple pieces of RNA.
an influenza virus
Which of the following pairs is MISMATCHED?
influenza; hemorrhagic fever
Which of the following is a family of double-stranded RNA viruses?
Reoviridae
Rodents are the normal hosts for which of the following encephalitis viruses?
Venezuelan equine encephalitits (VEE)
The _____ causes a T cell leukemia .
HTLV-1
Fever, jaundice, and hemorrhaging which often results in "black vomit" are characteristic of
yellow fever
Which of the following viruses can establish a chronic infection of the liver which may progress to liver cancer?
hepatitis C
Dark staining masses of visions called Negri bodies in the brains of victims are diagnostic of
rabies
The HIV virion is best described as a
segmented RNA genome in an irregular polyhedron capsid with envelope
Humans may become infected with _____ by inhaling aerosols of dried rodent excrement.
hantavirus
the arenaviruses are unique because
their visions contain ribosomes
Deltavirus (hepatitis D virus) requries co-infection with _____ to produce infectious virions.
hepatitis B virus
An RNA that can be used by a ribosome to translate into protein is (double/ positive/ negative) strand RNA.
positive
The clinical term for "runny nose" is (rhinorrhea/ rhinovirus).
rhinorrhea
Infection of day care age children with (HIV/ RSV/ SSPE) results in mild respiratory disease lasting about two weeks, but infection in infants is potentially fatal.
RSV
Jonas Salk developed an (attenuated/ inactivated/ subunit) polio vaccine in 1955.
inactivated
Infection with (astrovirus/ norovirus/ rotavirus) is the most common cause of diarrhea in children worldwide.
rotavirus
Lesions of the mouth caused by coxsackie A virus are called (herpangina/ herpetic/ pleurodynia)
herpangina
Acute live disease known as (enteric/ infectious/ serum) hepatitis is spread by the fecal oral route and is caused by a picornavirus.
infectious
Arboviruses are transmitted by the (contract/ enteric/ vector) route.
vector
The "orphan" family of dsRNA viruses that cause respiratory and enteric infections is (Rhinoviridae/ rhabdoviridae/ Reoviridae).
Reoviridae
Rubella vaccine is an (attenuated/ inactivated/ subunit) vaccine and should not be given to pregnant women.
attenuated
Coronaviruses and rhinoviruses replicate best in the (cooler/ moister/ salty)conditions of the nasal cavity.
cooler
The (reoviruses/ retroviruses/ rhinoviruses) have been studied ore than any other group of viruses because of their unique features and the diseases they cause.
retroviruses
HIV attaches to T cell and macrophages by means of an interaction between gp120 and an (antibody/ CD4/ gp41) receptor.
CD4
Ebola and Marburg viruses are emerging pathogens that cause life threatening (encephalitis/ diarrhea/ hemorrhaging) and can be transmitted in body fluids.
hemorrhaging
RSV, like other viruses in the Paramyxoviridae family is able to cause infected cells to fuse with their neighbors, forming giant, multinucleate (aggregates/ fusions/ syncytia).
syncytia