Which of the following statements concerning cellular metabolism is FALSE?
Macromolecules are converted into cell structures via catabolism
Anabolic reactions may be characterized as
forming large molecules from smaller molecules
Which of the following statements concerning reduction reactions is FALSE?
An electron acceptor becomes more positively charged
The molecule that an enzyme acts upon is known as its
Substrate
Which of the following statements concerning enzymes is FALSE?
They always function best at 37* C.
Sulfanilamide is an antimicrobial drug that mimics the shape of an important substrate for a particular bacterial enzyme, thereby inhibiting the enzyme. This type of inhibition is known as ?
competitive inhibition
Which of the following produces NADPH?
both the pentose phosphate and Entner-Doudoroff pathways
Which of the following statements concerning glycolysis is TRUE?
If both requires the input of ATP and produces ATP
Which of the following is required for holoenzyme function?
a coenzyme
Pyruvic acid is a product of
both glycolysis and the Entner-Doudoroff pathway
All of the following are forms of oxidation EXCEPT
substrate level phosphorylation
Which of the following can be the final electron acceptor in anaerobic respiration in bacteria?
both nitrate and sulfate
Which of the following is a non-protein carrier found in some electron transport chains?
ubiquinones
A catabolic process which occurs in eukaryotic mitochondria is
beta-oxidation
Which of the following is a by-product of the catabolism of proteins?
ammonia
What is the purpose of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?
production of ATP and NADH
Which of the following is/are common to chemiosmosis and the light dependent reactions of photosynthesis?
both electron transport and a protein gradient
Which of the following is a fermentation product useful in the manufacture of cheese?
lactic acid
How many ATP molecules can theoretically be produced from the NADH generated by the catabolism of a molecule of glucose during aerobic respiration?
30
The various types of chlorophyll differ in the
wavelengths of light they absorb
Photosystems are assembled in
thylakoids
Beta oxidation of fatty acids produces a substrate of the
Krebs Cycle
Which of the following is associated with the Calvin Benson cycle?
RuBP
What is the major product of the Calvin Benson cycle that can then be used to form glucose?
glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
Chemical reactions that can proceed toward either anabolism or catabolism are called?
amphibolic
If a cell reverses the process of beta-oxidation, which of the following molecules will it make?
fatty acids
When a cell forms an amino acid by adding an amine group derived from ammonia to a precursor metabolite, this process is called?
amination
The conversion of amino acids to carbohydrates is an example of
gluconeogenesis
All of the following are aspects of a cell's ability to regulate its metabolism EXCEPT
use of the same coenzymes for anabolic and catabolic reactions that share substrate molecules
The metabolic processes called fermentation
use an organic molecule as a final electron acceptor
Which of the following is TRUE concerning the structure and function of enzymes?
After an enzyme has catalyzed a reaction, it resumes its original shape and can interact with a new substrate molecule.
Light energy is used to fuel the assembly of carbon dioxide and water into carbohydrates in the process known as
photosynthesis
Where is the majority of ATP generated in most eukaryotic cells?
in the mitochondrial matrix
The conversion of pyruvic acid to acetyl-CoA can be described as ______, because a molecule of CO2 is produced as a by product.
decarboxylation
Although glycolysis requires an input of ATP, this pathway results in a net gain of two ATP; therefore it is an ______ pathway
exergonic
Enzymes known as lyases participate in _____ reactions,
catabolic
Isomerases catalyze reactions in which
atoms in biomolecules are rearranged.
During the synthesis of acetyl-CoA from pyruvic acid, ______ is produced.
NADH
During reactions catalyzed by oxidoreductases an electron donor is
oxidized
Hydrolases are generally involved in _______ reactions.
catabolic
Reactions involving ligases are typically _____ reactions.
anabolic
Substrate level phosphorylation occurs during the _____ stages of glycolysis.
energy investment and energy conservation
The production of NADH takes place during the _______ stage of glycolysis.
energy-conservation
Glycolysis begins with an ________ stage.
energy-investment
Identify the processes of glucose metabolism represented in Figure 5-1.
A= glycolysis, B= fermentation, C= Krebs cycle, D= electron transport chain
Which of the following products of glucose catabolism is a substrate for fatty acid synthesis?
acetly-CoA
The conversion of phosphoenol pyruvic acid (PEP) to pyruvic acid results in the production of an ATP. This reaction is an example of (substrate-level /oxidative) phosphorylation.
substrate-level
Another term for a protein catalyst is an (enzyme/ ribozyme).
enzyme
A (oxidation/ reduction/ transport) reaction is one in which a molecule accepts an electron.
reduction
The (activation / inhibition/ saturation) point of an enzyme is reached when all active sites have bound substrate molecules.
saturation
When a noncompetitive inhibitor molecule binds to an (active/ allosteric) site on an enzyme, the shape of the active site changes so that the substrate molecules can no longer bind.
allosteric
During glycolysis, glucose is converted to (pyruvic/ acetic/ lactic) acid, a molecule that can be uses in either fermentation or respiration pathways.
Pyruvic
Electrons are transferred in the Krebs cycle in the form of (oxygen/ hydrogen) atoms to NAD+ and FAD.
hydrogen
The purpose of the electron transport is to create a proton (concentration/ gradient/ pump) across a membrane that can then be used to make ATP.
gradient
Anaerobic respiration involves the use of molecules other than oxygen as the final electron (acceptor/ donor) in an election transport chain.
acceptor
Laboratory fermentation tests often include a pH indicator because many bacteria produce (CO2/ bases/ acids) as they ferment carbohydrates.
acids
The (transferases/ transaminases/ deaminases) generate amino acids from carbohydrate precursors and glutamic acid.
transaminases
A (photosystem/ thylakoid/ grana) is a collection of pigments such as chlorophyll that are used to absorb light in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.
photosystem
Waste products such as sulfur are produced by (oxygenic/ anoxygenic/ aerobic) photosynthetic bacteria as they obtain electrons for noncyclic photophosphorylation.
anoxygenic
Enzymes increase the rate of reaction by lowering the (activation/ reaction) energy.
activation
Significant amounts of the NADPH required for the Calvin-Benson cycle are produced during the (cyclic/ noncyclic) photophosphorylation reactions of photosynthesis.
noncyclic
Only photosystem I is required for (cyclic/ noncyclic) photophosphorylation to occur.
Cyclic