Understanding Nutrition: Chapter 16 Flashcards

________ is an iron-binding protein found in breast milk which keeps bacteria from getting the iron they need to grow, helps absorb iron into the infant's intestinal cells, and kills some bacteria directly.

The adolescent growth spurt begins at age 10 or 11 for females and at 12 or 13 for males. It lasts about ________ years.

Because recommendations to restrict fat do not apply to children younger than age ________ , labels on foods for children younger than ________ cannot carry information about fat.

With the exception of ________ , the vitamins in breast milk are ample to support infant growth.

Which of the following factors is the cause of hyperactivity in children?

a. food additives b. none of these choices c. sugar d. lack of sleep e. dietary fiber

Which of the following statements regarding breakfast consumption in children is false?

a. Children who skip breakfast tend to score lower on intelligence tests than their well-fed peers. b. Children who eat breakfast are tardy or absent less often than their peers who do not. c. Children who skip breakfast can make up the deficits in later meals that day. d. Without breakfast, children perform poorly in tasks requiring concentration.

The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) advises that whole cow's milk is not appropriate during the first ________ of life.

Which of the following is a symptom of impending anaphylactic shock?

a. asthma b. all of these choices c. tingling sensation in the mouth d. swelling of the tongue and throat e. vomiting, abdominal cramps, or diarrhea

For adolescents, obesity is defined as a BMI at the 95th percentile or a BMI of ________ or greater, whichever is lower.

Fatty streaks begin to appear in the ________ decade of life.

A healthy infant's birthweight ________ by 1 year of age.

Energy and nutrient needs are greater during ________ than at any other time of life, except pregnancy and lactation.

Children often have contradicting food preferences. Which of the following contradictory preferences has research identified?

a. Children prefer lumpy foods to smooth foods because of their preference for texture. b. Children say they like colorful foods, yet they most often reject green and yellow vegetables in favor of brown peanut butter, white potatoes, apple wedges, and bread. c. Children prefer cooked vegetables to raw vegetables. d. Children prefer cool foods rather than warm foods.

According to the Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study (FITS), by 15 to 18 months of age, the most commonly consumed vegetable was ________ and the most commonly consumed fruit was ________ .

Breast milk is not a good source of which of the following minerals?

During the adolescent growth spurt, differences between the genders becomes apparent in all of the following areas except:

a. intellectual capability. b. skeletal system. c. body mass. d. fat stores.

Each 12-ounce can of soft drink provides the equivalent of about ________ teaspoons of sugar and 150 kcalories.

The most successful approach to treating childhood obesity integrates all of the following except:

a. behavioral change. b. medications. c. diet. d. physical activity. e. psychological support.

Which of the following is a location that lead accumulates in the body?

a. brain b. teeth c. brain and kidneys d. bones and teeth e. kidneys f. all of these choices g. bones

Food allergies diminish with age, until in adulthood they affect less than ________ percent of the population.

The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), the Canadian Paediatric Society, and the American Dietetic Association (ADA) recommend exclusive breastfeeding for ________ months.

Which of the following statements regarding adolescent dietary behaviors is false?

a. The more often teenagers eat dinner with their families, the less likely they are to smoke, drink, or use drugs. b. Adolescents who frequently eat meals with their families eat more fruits, vegetables, and calcium-rich foods. c. Adolescents who frequently eat meals with their families drink more soft drinks than those who seldom eat with their families. d. Many adolescents begin to skip breakfast on a regular basis.

To prevent iron deficiency, snacks and meals for children should include iron-rich foods, and ________ intake should be reasonable so that it will not displace lean meats, fish, poultry, eggs, and legumes.

Which of the following statements regarding energy and nutrient needs during childhood is false?

a. No RDA for total fat has been established, but the DRI Committee recommends a fat intake of 30 to 40 percent of energy for children 1 to 3 years of age. b. Total energy needs and energy needs per kilogram of body weight increase slightly with age. c. Carbohydrate recommendations for children after 1 year are the same as for adults. d. Fiber recommendations for younger children with low energy intakes are less than those for older ones with high energy intakes.

Compared with breast milk or iron-fortified formula, cow's milk is higher in calcium and lower in vitamin C, characteristics that reduce ________ absorption.

The National School Lunch Program, School Breakfast Program, and Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP), are all administered by which federal agency?

Relative to body size, the size of an infant's brain is greater than that of an adult's. Thus, an infant's brain uses relatively more glucose – about ________ percent of the day's total energy intake.

The preference for the ________ taste sensation is innate.

The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends no television viewing before 2 years of age and thereafter limiting television and video time to ________ hours per day as a strategy to help prevent childhood obesity.

________ is the most abundant fatty acid in the brain and is also present in the retina of the eye.

An infant receiving goat's milk is likely to develop "goat's milk anemia;" an anemia characteristic of ________ deficiency.

The standard for infant formula in the United States is that of "human milk taken from well-nourished mothers during the ________ month of lactation, when the infant's growth rate is high."

Based on body weight, the energy requirement for an infant is about ________ that of an adult.

One of the most essential nutrients for infants is water. The ________ the infant, the greater the percentage of body weight is water.

The main carbohydrate in breast milk (and infant formula) is ________ .

A newborn infant is what type of vegetarian?

The RDA for iron depends on which of the following factors?

a. menstruation b. all of these choices c. age d. gender e. whether the individual is in a growth spurt

For heart disease and type 2 diabetes, genetics appears to play a ________ role.