Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek was the first person in history to ____ ?
view microorganisms & record theses observations
The Microbes commonly know as ________ are single-celled eukaryotes that are generally motile.
Protozoa
Which of the following statements about algae is FALSE?
They are important in the degradation of dead plants and animals.
Louis Pasteur demonstrated that fermentation to produce alcohol is caused by _____ .
Facultative anaerobes
Which of the following scientists provided evidence in favor of the concept of spontaneous generation?
Needham
Pasteur's experiments on fermentation laid the foundation for ____
industrial microbiology
Which of the following statements about fungi is FALSE?
Fungi are photosynthetic
Which of the following statements concerning Koch's postulates is FALSE?
The suspected pathogen may not be present in all cases of the disease being studied
Which of the following individuals pioneered the use of chemicals to reduce the incidence of infections during surgery?
Lister
The study of the bodies defenses against pathogens is called ____ ?
immunology
Which of the following questions largely stimulated the research of microbes during what is known as the Golden Age of Microbiology?
What causes diseases, and is spontaneous generation of microbes possible?
Parasitic worms, even meters-long tapeworms, are studied in microbiology because?
diagnosis usually involves microscopic examination of patient samples
What scientist first hypothesized that gene sequences could provide new insights into evolutionary relationships among all organisms (including microbes)?
Pauling
Work by _____ laid the foundations of the field of environmental microbiology.
Beijerinck and Winogradsky
According to Kluyver and Van Niel which of the following are true of basic biochemical reactions?
Basic biochemical reactions shared by all living things primarily involve transfer of electrons and hydrogen ions.
Semmelweis advocated hand washing as a method of preventing which of the following diseases?
puerperal fever
Paul Ehrlich used chemotherapy to treat?
Syphilis
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of viruses?
They are visible with a light microscope
The first true vaccine protected against disease caused by an ______ pathogen.
viral
All of the following individuals were involved in improving public health in the 19th century EXCEPT.
Spallanzani
Which of the following types of microbe was NOT observed by Leeuwenhoek?
Virus
Inserting a gene from the hepatitis B virus into yeast so that the yeast produces a viral protein is an example of ?
Genetic Engineering
Which of the following was NOT an aspect of Pasteur's experiments to disprove spontaneous generation?
the flasks he used were sealed with corks
Identification of bacteria in the laboratory usually begins with the _____ for placement in one of two large groups of bacteria.
Gram stain
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of protozoa?
they are all photosynthetic
Whose search for chemicals that would kill microbes without harming humans was the foundation of chemotherapy?
Ehrilich
Which of the following is NOT an observation Pasteur made concerning the fermentation of grape juice?
Pasteurization kills yeast to prevent spoilage of grape juice
What is the correct order for the application of Kochs postulates?
III, II, I, IV
John Snow's research during a cholera outbreak in london laid the foundation for which of the following branches of microbiology?
both infection control and epidemiology
Robert Koch was involved in research on all of the following topics EXPECT?
the cause of fermentation
Which of the following are an incorrect pairing?
protozoa; multicellular
What was the first disease shown to be bacterial in origin?
Anthrax
The work of Lister, Nightingale, and Semmelweis all contributed to controlling infectious disease by
developing methods for reducing nosocomial infections
Who discovered penicillin?
Fleming
All of the following were involved in developing the germ theory of disease EXCEPT?
Pauling
Microorganisms characterized by the absence of a nucleus are called
prokayotes
The term that literally means "against putrefaction" is
antisepsis
The term ____ refers to an infection acquired in a health care setting.
nosocomial
What must one have before designing and conducting experiments?
A hypothesis
Who demonstrated that fermentation could occur in the absence of intact cells?
Buchner
The term for the use of microorganisms to restore damaged environments is
bioremediation
The term ______ involves the study of the blood components that fight infection
serology`
The study of the occurrence, distribution, and spread of disease is known as
epidemiology
The amateur scientist (Koch/Leeuwenhoek/Pasteur) made his own microscope and first reported the existence of microbes.
Leeuwenhoek
A cell that contains a nucleus is called an ( prokaryotic / archaeal/ eukaryotic) cell.
Eukaryotic
A (photosynthetic/ algae/ plant) organism makes its own food using light energy.
photosynthetic
Microbes that cause infectious disease are called (pathogens/germs/viruses).
Pathogens
The desire to prevent (infection/disease/sepsis), literally "putrefaction" resulted in many developments leading to modern medicine.
Sepsis
A scientist conducts experiments to test an (observation/hypothesis/therory).
Hypothesis
The development of molecular biology has made possible the application of (genome sequencing/gene sequences/gene sequencing) to provide a better understanding of the relationships between organisms.
Gene sequencing
Research done in robert lochs laboratory laid the foundation for (epidemiology/immunology/etiology), the study of the cases of disease in animals.
Immunology
A (colony/habitat/biofilm) is a community of microbes growing on surfaces.
Biofilm
Spallanzanis experiments contradicted the experiments of (Needham/Redi/Pasteur) on spontaneous generation.
Needham
Semmelweis demonstrated the importance of (antisepsis/vaccination/washing) as a means of preventing disease transmission.
Washing
A term synonymous with immunization, (vaccination/infection) is derived from the Latin name of the cowpox virus.
Vaccination
The use of chemicals to treat diseases such as bacterial infections is called ( gene therapy/chemotherapy).
Chemotherapy
Organisms such as bacteria that can convert atmospheric nitrogen into nitrate are often studied in (environmental/bioremediation/ecologic) microbiology.
Environmental
The (physiology/metabolism) of an organism is all the chemical reactions that take place in the organism.
Metabolism
Radioactive iodine is sometimes used to treat thyroid cancer. This is an example of the use of (isotopes/elements/radiation) in medical treatment.
Isotopes
The phosphorylation of a protein by ATP is an (exchange/transfer) reaction.
Exchange
Cell surface markers composed of both carbohydrate and lipid molecules are know as (glycoproteins/glycolipids/LPS).
Glycolipids