the early events of inflammation are characterized by all except
a.vasodilation b.extravasion c.apoptosis d.chemotaxis
c
identify the mismatched pair
a.MyD88:adaptor protein b.ICAM-1:LFA-1 c.CD14:LPS d.NK cells:IFN-y e.selectins:protein ligands
e
systemic distribution of TNF-alpha in the blood circulation will cause
septic shock
all of the following are involved in the alternative pathway of complement activation except?
a.factor B b.factor D c.factor P d.C4 e.C5
d
which is mismatched?
a.cytosol:intracellular pathogen b.surface of epithelium:extracellular pathogen c.nucleus:intracellular pathogen d.lymph:intracellular pathogen
d
all of the following are true of some or all complement proteins except___
a. they are soluble and bind to pathogen b.they are innate immunity c.they are in extracellular fluids d.they facilitate phagocytosis of pathogens
b
an_____ is an inactive form of an enzyme that frequently participates in a cascade of enzymatic reactions during complement activation.
a.regular complement activation b.convertase c.complement control protein molecule d.zymogen
d
defensins
vasoactive peptide facilitating the recruitment of innate immunity mediators
cryptidins
alpha-defensins made by Paneth cells
bradykinin
inhibits dissemination of pathogens by forming blood clots
which of the following does not describe the outcome of complement activation?
a.chemotaxis b.opsinization c.vasoconstriction d.proteolysis
c
anaphylatoxins
induce local and systemic inflammatory responses
properdin
protects C3bBb from protease degredation
iC3
binds factor B for cleavage by factor D which initiates alternative complement pathway
C3bBb
alternative C3 converatse
C3b2Bb
alternative C5 converatse
C5
inflammatory mediator and initiates membrane attack complex
complement receptors
regulatory proteins
CR1, CR3, CR4, binds C3b and stimulates phagocytosis, binds iC3
pathogen recognition receptors
regulatory proteins
phagocytic receptors, recognize associated molecular patterns and stimulate phagocytosis
toll-like receptors
regulatory proteins
recognize pathogen associated molecular patterns and stimulate production of cytokines
NOD-like receptors
regulatory proteins
located in cytoplasm, bind products of bacterial degradation and stimulate cytokine production
inflammasome
in response to cell stress, cleaves pro-IL-1B to active form, associates with NLRP3 and procaspase-1
RIG-1-like receptors
located in the cytoplasm and detect viral DNA/RNA resulting in production of cytokines esp interferons
IL-6
cytokine
induces liver to produce and up-regulate acute phase proteins, acts on hypothalamus, fat, muscle to increase temperature of infected tissue
CXCL8
cytokine
neutrophil chemotactic factor, up-regulates neutrophil adhesion molecules
IL-12
cytokine
recruits NK cells
IL-15
cytokine
activates NK cells
IFN- alpha and beta
cytokine
antiviral chemokines, activate antiviral responses
IFN-y
cytokine
activates macrophages
NF-kB
transcription factors
activates transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokines