1) Cells on the dorsal surface of the two-layered embryonic disc
migrate to form a raised groove known as the ________.
A)
blastocyst
B) amnion formation
C) germ cell formation
D) primitive streak
D
2) The result of polyspermy in humans is ________.
A) multiple
births
B) a nonfunctional zygote
C) interruption of
meiosis
D) mitotic insufficiency
B
3) It is impossible for sperm to be functional (able to fertilize the
egg) until after ________.
A) the tail disappears
B) they
become spermatids
C) they undergo capacitation
D) they
have been stored in the uterus for several days
C
4) Milk ejection or letdown reflex is stimulated by which of the
following hormones associated with pregnancy?
A) inhibin
B) oxytocin
C) prolactin
D) gonadotropin
B
5) Estrogen and progesterone maintain the integrity of the uterine
lining and prepare the mammary glands to secrete milk. Which of the
following structures makes this possible during the first three months
of pregnancy?
A) the amnion
B) the chorion
C) corpus
luteum
D) corona radiata
C
6) The placenta, a vitally important metabolic organ, is made up of a
contribution from mother and fetus. Which portion is from the fetus?
A) chorion
B) umbilicus
C) yolk sac
D) amnion
A
7) Relaxin is a hormone produced by the placenta and ovaries. The
function of this hormone is to ________.
A) block the pain of
childbirth
B) ensure the implantation of the blastula
C)
relax the pubic symphysis
D) prevent morning sickness
C
8) Proteases and acrosin are enzymes. How do they function in
reproduction?
A) They neutralize the mucous secretions of the
uterine mucosa.
B) They direct the sperm to the egg through
chemical messengers.
C) They act to break down the protective
barriers around the egg, allowing the sperm to penetrate.
D)
Their function is unknown.
C
9) Which of the following is not a germ layer?
A) ectoderm
B) mesoderm
C) epiderm
D) endoderm
C
10) The formation of endodermal and ectodermal germ layers occurs at
________.
A) fertilization
B) cleavage
C)
gastrulation
D) blastula formation
C
11) Which hormone maintains the viability of the corpus luteum?
A) estrogen
B) progesterone
C) human chorionic
gonadotropin
D) human placental lactogen
C
12) Which of the following is a highly unlikely method of producing a
child?
A) embryo transfer
B) ectopic implantation
C)
in vitro fertilization
D) gamete intrafallopian transfer
B
13) Which of the following is not a correct matching of a fetal
structure with what it becomes at birth?
A) foramen ovalefossa
ovalis
B) ductus arteriosusligamentum teres
C) ductus
venosusligamentum venosum
D) umbilical arteriesmedial
umbilical ligament
B
14) Implantation involves ________.
A) placenta completion
B) formation of germ layers
C) fusion of egg and sperm
D) embedding of the blastocyst in the uterine wall
D
15) The umbilical arteries carry ________.
A) waste products to
the placenta
B) oxygen and food to the fetus
C) oxygen and
metabolic wastes to the placenta
D) oxygen and waste products to
the fetus
A
16) The correct sequence of preembryonic structures is ________.
A) zygote, blastocyst, morula
B) zygote, morula,
blastocyst
C) blastocyst, morula, zygote
D) morula,
zygote, blastocyst
B
17) Which of the following is not assessed as part of the Apgar
score?
A) heart rate
B) respiration
C) muscle tone
D) temperature
D
18) Hormones concerned with events of lactation include ________.
A) estrogen
B) oxytocin
C) progesterone
D) hCG
B
19) Initially, the implanted embryo obtains its nutrition by
________.
A) simple diffusion of nutrients from the uterine
secretions
B) nutrient stores in the embryonic cells
C)
the blood supply of the placenta
D) digestion of endometrial cells
D
20) Onset of labor may be a result of all of the following factors
except ________.
A) secretion of oxytocin
B) high estrogen
levels
C) aspirin and similar drugs
D) contraction-related
increased emotional and physical stress
C
21) Select the correct statement about fertilization.
A) Both
spermatozoa and the ovulated secondary oocyte remain viable for about
72 hours in the female reproductive tract.
B) Millions of sperm
cells are destroyed by the vagina's acidic environment.
C) If
estrogen is present, the pathway through the cervical opening is
blocked from sperm entry.
D) Once inside the uterus, most sperm
cells are protected and remain viable
B
22) Shortly after implantation ________.
A) maternal blood
sinuses bathe the inner cell mass
B) myometrical cells cover and
seal off the blastocyst
C) the trophoblast forms two distinct
layers
D) the embryo gastrulates (within 3 days)
C
23) The dorsal surface cells of the inner cell mass form ________.
A) a structure called the embryonic disc
B) one of the
fetal membranes
C) the primitive streak
D) the notochord
C
24) Muscle tissue is formed by the ________.
A) mesoderm
B) ectoderm
C) endoderm
D) epiderm
A
25) Neural tissue is formed by the ________.
A) epiderm
B) endoderm
C) mesoderm
D) ectoderm
D
26) The trophoblast is mostly responsible for forming the ________.
A) allantois
B) archenteron
C) placental tissue
D) lining of the endometrium
C
27) The cardiovascular system of a newborn must be adjusted after the
infant takes its first breath. Which of the following is also true?
A) The foramen ovale between the atria of the fetal heart closes
at the moment of birth.
B) The ductus venosus is disconnected at
the severing of the umbilical cord and all visceral blood goes into
the vena cava.
C) The urinary system is activated at birth.
D) The ductus arteriosus constricts and is converted to the
ligamentum arteriosum.
D
28) Sperm move to the uterine tube through uterine contractions and
the energy of their own flagella. What other factor is involved in
sperm movement?
A) hormonal attraction to the ova
B)
reverse peristalsis of the uterus and uterine tubes
C) the cilia
on the apex of the cells lining the endometrium
D) the increased
temperature in the vagina, which stimulates sperm motility
B
29) At which stage of labor is the "afterbirth" expelled?
A) dystocia
B) expulsion
C) placental
D) full dilation
C
30) Which hormone is not produced by the placenta?
A) human
placental lactogen
B) human chorionic thyrotropin
C)
relaxin
D) inhibin
D
31) During which stage of labor is the fetus delivered?
A)
dilation stage
B) expulsion stage
C) placental stage
D) gastrula stage
B
32) Implantation of the blastocyst is the result of all of the
following except ________.
A) phagocytosis by the trophoblast
cells
B) proteolytic enzymes produced by the trophoblast cells
C) settling of the blastocyst onto the prepared uterine
lining
D) adherence of the trophoblast cells to the endometrium
A
33) Cleavage as part of embryonic development is distinctive because
it involves ________.
A) cell division by mitosis with little or
no growth between successive divisions
B) the fusion of gametes
C) splitting the cell into two separate cells
D) meiosis
A
34) Which of the following is true in reference to what may pass
through the placental barriers?
A) nutrients and respiratory
gases only
B) hormones, blood cells, and nutrients
C)
nutrients, respiratory gases, wastes, and alcohol
D) respiratory
gases, hormones, nutrients, and blood cells
C
35) Which of the following is not usually considered a teratogen?
A) aspirin
B) wine
C) thalidomide
D) German measles
A
36) Derivatives of the ectoderm include ________.
A) serosae of
the ventral body cavity
B) epithelium of the reproductive tract
C) epithelium of the pineal and pituitary glands
D)
connective tissues
C
37) Derivatives of the mesoderm include ________.
A) all
nervous tissue
B) endothelium of blood and lymph vessels
C) glandular derivatives of the digestive tract
D)
epithelium of the digestive tract
B
38) Derivatives of the endoderm include ________.
A) epithelium
of the respiratory tract
B) synovial membranes of the joints
C) blood, bone marrow, and lymphoid tissue
D) organs of
the urogenital system
A
39) Developmental events during weeks 9-12 include ________.
A)
sex readily detected from the genitals
B) the cardiovascular
system becoming fully functional
C) head larger than body
D) fetal position assumed
A
40) Which of the choices below occurs if fertilization of the ovum
occurs and implantation takes place?
A) The corpus luteum is
maintained until the placenta takes over its hormone-producing
functions.
B) The corpus luteum degenerates and becomes the
corpus albicans.
C) The ovarian cycle begins.
D) Increased
levels of FSH will be produced.
A
41) Select the correct statement about the special fetal blood
vessels.
A) The distal parts of the umbilical arteries form the
superior vesical arteries.
B) The fossa ovalis becomes the
foramen ovale.
C) The umbilical vein becomes the ligamentum
teres.
D) The hepatic portal vein forms from the umbilical artery
C
42) Which of the following statements about the events of
fertilization is not true?
A) The two pronuclei divide.
B)
The head of the sperm forms the male pronucleus.
C) The
secondary oocyte completes the second meiotic division.
D)
Proteases and acrosin proteinases of the sperm disperse the cells of
the corona radiata of the oocyte.
A
43) The decidua basalis is ________.
A) destined to remain in
the uterus after the birth of the infant
B) located between the
developing embryo and the myometrium
C) not a maternal
contribution to the placenta
D) the tissue that surrounds the
uterine cavity face of the implanted embryo
B