during which phase of the cell cycle is DNA replicated?
interphase (sinthesis phase)
during which phase of the cell cycle is the nucleus divided?
telephase G2
DNA is organized and arranged in the nucleus as?
chromosomes
during which stage of the cell cycle do the chromosomes appear in the form of chromatin?
telophase
the process by which the DNA code is converted from a single gene into a complementary single strand of mRNA is?
transcription
once an RNA molecule has been transcribed from DNA, it enters the cytoplasm of the cell where it is used by the cell to produce a?
protein
during DNA replication the "original" DNA serves as a template for synthesis of the new strand because?
it can conclude more quickly.
during DNA replication, complementary nucleotides are added to the seperated strands of the original DNA by enzymes. which of the following bases would nucleotide contain if it were paired to a nucleotide containing thymine?
adenine
if during DNA replication, a nucleotide is skipped on the template, this may result in?
mutation
mutations in our DNA rarely impair normal cell function because?
some mutations are repaired by repair enzymes
embryo splitting is a type of cloning in which an egg is fertilized in vitro and?
produces genetically identical offspring that are different from either parent.
the mRNA produced initially by transcription is larger than the "functional" version because?
the primary transcript is reduced in size as intron are excised
how many codons are are in the following sequence of nucleotides
AAAUGCUCGUAA
4
the process of initiation elongation and termination that occur in the production of a protein are all associated with?
translation
induced pluripotent stem cells are derived?
skin or blood cells
a codon is?
the three base sequence on a messenger RNA molecule that provides the code for a specific amino acid in protein synthesis.
it is evident that translation occurs at ribosomes because they contain binding sites for?
mRNA AND tRNA
know the diagrams of the mitosis cell cycle
interphase,- on left side prophase, both sides metaphase-in middle, anaphase,-starting to pull apart more telophase,- on either end cytokinesis - completely divided
chromosomes begin to shorten and condense during which of the stages of the cell cycle?
prophase
mitosis differs from meiosis in that mitosis...
mitosis creates two daughter cells instead of four
at the end of meiosis I, the chromosomes in the cells are described as?
4 daughter cells
cloning of human cells for the purpose of treating a patient is referred to as?
therapeutic cloning
the process by which cells become specialized from one another is called.
differentiation
therapeutic cloning differs from reproduction cloning in that therapeutic cloning involves?
cloning cells or tissues for the purpose of treating disease