Which of the following normally occurs regardless of whether or not oxygen (O2) is present? a. glycolysis b. fermentation c. citric acid cycle c. oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA e. oxidative phosphorylation (chemiosmosis)
A
What is the term for metabolic pathways that release stored energy by breaking down complex molecules?
a. anabolic pathways b. catabolic pathways c. fermentation pathways d. thermodynamic pathways e. bioenergetic pathways
B
The molecule that functions as the reducing agent (electron donor) in a redox or oxidation-reduction reaction
a. NAD+ is reduced to NADH during glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and the citric acid cycle. b. NAD+ has more chemical energy than NADH. c. NAD+ is oxidized by the action of hydrogenases. d. NAD+ can donate electrons for use in oxidative phosphorylation. e. In the absence of NAD+, glycolysis can still function.a. gains electrons and gains potential energy. b. loses electrons and loses potential energy. c. gains electrons and loses potential energy. d. loses electrons and gains potential energy. e. neither gains nor loses electrons, but gains or loses potential energy.
B
Which of the following statements describes NAD+?
a. NAD+ is reduced to NADH during glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and the citric acid cycle. b. NAD+ has more chemical energy than NADH. c. NAD+ is oxidized by the action of hydrogenases. d. NAD+ can donate electrons for use in oxidative phosphorylation. e. In the absence of NAD+, glycolysis can still function.
A
Which of these equations describes aerobic cellular respiration?
a. glucose → lactic acid + energy b. energy + carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen + water c. glucose → ethyl alcohol + carbon dioxide + energy d. glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + energy
D
The oxygen consumed during cellular respiration is involved directly in which process or event? a. glycolysis b. the citric acid cycle c. accepting electrons at the end of the electron transport chain d. the oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA e. the phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP
C
Which of the following is the correct sequence of stages in cellular respiration?
a. glycolysis, citric acid cycle, electron transport chain b. citric acid cycle, glycolysis, electron transport chain c. citric acid cycle, electron transport chain, glycolysis d. electron transport chain, glycolysis, citric acid cycle.
A
In addition to ATP, what are the end products of glycolysis?
a. CO2 and H2O b. CO2 and pyruvate c. NADH and pyruvate d. CO2 and NADH e. H2O, FADH2, and citrate
C
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is released during which of the following stages of cellular respiration?
a. glycolysis and the oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA b. oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA and the citric acid cycle c. the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation d. oxidative phosphorylation and fermentation e. fermentation and glycolysis
B
In the absence of oxygen, yeast cells can obtain energy by fermentation, resulting in the production of
a. ATP, CO2, and ethanol (ethyl alcohol). b. ATP, CO2, and lactate. c. ATP, NADH, and pyruvate. d. ATP, pyruvate, and oxygen. e. ATP, pyruvate, and acetyl CoA
A