Pharmacology is:
the study of medications and their actions, including drug origins, properties and usage.
Drug is defined as:
a substance used as medicine for the dianosis, treatment, cure, mitigation, or prevention of disease or condition.
Contraindictions are:
a list of circumstances or medical condtitions under which the medication should not be used.
An agonist is:
a drug that stimulates or prolongs the response of a drug or a physiologic action
An antagonist:
binds to the agonist's receptor site, preventing the agonist from binding there and causing its desired effect.
The prefix that designates 1000 times in the metric system is:
Kilo
The basic unit of measure for weight in the metric system is the:
gram
The number of milliliters in an ounce is:
30 ml
The number of milliters in a cup is:
240 ml
Medication used to relieve pain is a/an:
analgesic
A drug for high potential additiona and abuse is a/an:
controlled substance
Anesthesia produced by marked cooling is:
Cryoansethesia
An example of a type of drug used to prevent disease is a/an:
vaccine
The route of administration that produces the most immediate action is:
IV
Saying that a drug is to be given hs means that:
it should be taken at bedtime
The needle gauge most appropriate for local infiltration is:
25 gauge
A contrast medium used when performing a cholangiogram is:
diatrizoate sodium (Hypaque)
Amnesia is:
lack of recall
Anaphylaxis is:
immediate manifestation of a hypersensitivity to a specific substance, usually resulting in respiratory distress and vascular collapse
Anesthesia is:
lack of sensation
Antagonist is:
a drug that blocks the action of another drug or physiologic action without producing any effect of its own
Antimuscarinic means:
(formerly known as anticholinergic) agents that block cholinergic (parasympathetic) effects, such as salivation and bradycardia
Aspiration as applies to anethesia means:
inadvertent inhalation of gastric contents or a foreign body into the lungs
Biotechnology is:
source of drugs that are genetically engineered in the laboratory; also referred to as recombinant DNA technology
Buccal
refers to the cheek; buccal medication administration is considered topical; the medication is placed between the cheek and the teeth and allowed to dissolve and/or be absorbed
Capnography
system for monitoring the exhaled amount of carbon dioxide
Contraindication:
a reason why a specific procedure or drug may be undesirable or improper in a particular situation
Doppler
ultrasonic device used to identify and assess vascular status of peripheral arteries and veins by magnifying the sound of the blood moving through the vessel
Drug:
13. a substance used as medicine for the diagnosis, treatment, cure, mitigation, or prevention (prophylaxis) of disease or a condition
Generic:
14. nonproprietary name for a drug that is a shortened version of the chemical name or gives a reference to the intended use
Homeostasis
stable physiologic state
Hypnosis
altered state of consciousness in relation to the patient’s perception of the surgical environment and surgical procedure
Iatrogenic
an unavoidable effect or disease induced by pharmacologic therapy
Indication
a reason to perform a specific procedure or prescribe a certain drug
Induction:
The second stage of anesthesia in which the patient is given induction drugs and intubated. The patient's level of consciousness changes from alert to unconscious; reflexes are depressed.
Intra-articular
within a joint
Larynogospasm
22. sudden, involuntary contraction of the larynx that is capable of causing partial or total occlusion of the larynx
Intrathecal
within the subdural space
NPO
nothing by mouth(Latin – nil per os)
PACU
post anesthesia care unit
Parenteral
other than enteral, by injection
Pharmacodynamics
term describing the interaction of drug molecules with the target cells; the resulting action is biochemical and physiologic
Pharmacokinetics
term used to describe the entire process of the drug’s activity within the body; the process of pharmacokinesis involves absorption, distribution, biotransformation (metabolism), and excretion
Pharmacology
the study of drugs and their actions
Prophylaxis
prevention of disease or a condition
Synergist
action of one agent increase the action of the other agent when delivered together
Topical
applied to the skin or mucous membrane to provide a localized or systemic effect
Volatile Agents
group of liquids whose potent evaporative vapors, when inhaled, produce general anesthesia by depressing the CNS
C
Celcius
m
Meter, micrometer, or minim
kg
Kilogram
L
liter
mL
microliter
F
Fahrenheit
mm
millimeter
mg
milligram
g
gram
ung
microgram
lb
pound
mcg
microgram
oz
ounce
cm
centimeter
mEq
milliequivalen
cc
cubic centimeter
IV
Intravenous
PO
by mouth
IM
intramuscular
DVT
deep vein thrombosis
UTI
urinary tract infection
PONV
by mouth, nausea and vomiting
GERD
gastroesophageal reflux disease
ARDS
adult respiratory distress syndrome
LMA
laryngeal mask airway
ETT
endotracheal tube
SARA
system for anesthetic and respiratory analysis
ABG
arterial blood gas
PT
prothrombin time
PTT
partial thromboplastin time
CSF
cerebrospinal fluid
CNS
central nervous system
USP
United States Pharmacopeia
FDA
Food and Drug Administration
BIS
bispectral index monitor
1 m
36.37 inches
1 inch
2.54 cm
1 mL
1 cc
2 oz
60 cc
1 gram
1000 mg
1 kg
2.2 lbs
1 cc
14-15 minims
1 L
1000 cc
Boiling Point 212 degrees F
100 degrees C
1 minim
1 gtt
1 oz
30 cc
98.6 degrees F
37 degrees C
100 mL
100 cc
1 meter
1000 cm
analgesic
relieves pain
anesthetic
produces partial or complete loss of sensation
antibiotic
prevents or treats infections
anticholinergic
blocks parasympathetic impulses
anticoagulant
prevents clots or thrombus formations
antiemetic
prevents or treats nausea and vomiting
anti-inflammatory
prevents or treats pain, redness, swelling or heat
antipyretic
relieves fever
controlled substance
drugs with the potential for addiction
contrast media
appears radio paque on an x-ray
cycloplegic
paralyzes the ciliary muscle of the eye
diuretic
increases urine output or edema
dye
colors or marks tissue
fibrinolytic
dissolves clots or thrombus - enzyme
hemostatic
enhances formation of clot or thrombus
hormone
secretion of endrocrine gland
miotic
constricts pupil
mydriatic
dialates pupil
sedative
reduces mental anxiety and promotes sleep
vasocontrictor
increases blood pressure
lidocaine
antiarrhythmia and anesthetic
dantrolene
treatment for MH
epinephrine
hormone vasoconstrictor
benzodiazepines
preoperative sedative
atropine
anticholinergic - drecreases musoucs secretions or treats bradycardia
nitrous oxide
gas anesthetic may increase ear pressure
heparin
anticoagulant use for vascular cases
thrombin
hemostatic agent never given IV
mannitol
osmotic diuretic
Bacitracin
antibiotic
adrenaline/epinephrine
Adrenergic/hormone/vasoconstrictor
Ancef/Cefazolin sodium
Antibiotic/cephalosporin
Anectine/Succinylcholine chloride
Neuromuscular blockage agent; depolarizing muscle relaxer
Benadryl/Diphenhydramine
Antihistamine
Coumadin/Warfarin sodium
Anticoagulant
Dantrium/Dantrolene sodium
MH (malignant hyperthermia) antagonist
Decadron/Dexamethasone
Anti-inflammatory/steroid
Demerol/Meperidine hcl
Analgesic/narcotic analgesic
Flagyl/Metronidazole
Antifungal/amebicide/antiprotozoal
Gelfoam/Absorbable hemostatic gelatin
Hemostatic agent
Heparin/Heparin sodium
Anticoagulant
Humulin/Insulin, human
hormone
Kantrex/Kanamycin sulfate
antibiotic
Lasix/Furosemide
Diuretic
Lidocaine/Xylocaine hydrochloride
Anti-arrythmic/anesthetic
Marcaine/Bupivicaine hcl
Anesthetic/amide nerve blockade
Narcan/Naloxone hydrochloride
Narcotic antagonist
Papverine/Papaverine hydrochloride
Vasopressor/vasodilator
Pitocin/Oxytocin
Hormone
Renografin
Contrast media
Silvadene/Silver sulfadiazine
Anti-infective/sulfonamide
Sodium pentothal/Thiopental sodium
Anesthetic/induction agent
Solu-cortef/Hydrocortisone sodium succinate
Steroid anti-inflammatory
Sublimaze/Fentanyl citrate
Narcotic analgesic
Surgical/Oxycel/Oxidized cellulose
Hemostatic agent
Tagamet/Cimetidine
Antacid/histamine blocker
Toradol/Ketoralac tromethamine
Nonnarcotic analgesic
Tracrium/Atracurium besylate
Non-depolarizing muscle relaxer or neuromuscular blockage agent
Valium/Diazepam
Sedative tranquilizer/ benzodiazepine
Versed/Midazolam hydrochloride
Sedative tranquilizer/benzodiazepine
Wydase/Hyaluronidase
Enzyme/anesthesia additive