1) Which of the following is not one of the three main factors
influencing blood pressure?
A) cardiac output
B)
peripheral resistance
C) emotional state
D) blood volume
C
2) Which of the following chemicals does not help regulate blood
pressure?
A) ADH
B) atrial natriuretic peptide
C)
angiotensin II
D) nitric acid
D
3) Which statement best describes arteries?
A) All carry
oxygenated blood to the heart.
B) All carry blood away from the
heart.
C) All contain valves to prevent the backflow of blood.
D) Only large arteries are lined with endothelium.
B
4) Which tunic of an artery contains endothelium?
A) tunica
intima
B) tunica media
C) tunica externa
D) basement membrane
A
5) Permitting the exchange of nutrients and gases between the blood
and tissue cells is the primary function of ________.
A)
arterioles
B) arteries
C) veins
D) capillaries
D
6) The circulatory route that runs from the digestive tract to the
liver is called ________.
A) hepatic portal circulation
B)
pulmonary circulation
C) coronary circulation
D) cerebral circulation
A
7) The arteries that are also called distributing arteries are the
________.
A) elastic arteries
B) muscular arteries
C) arterioles
D) capillaries
B
8) Aldosterone will ________.
A) promote an increase in blood
pressure
B) promote a decrease in blood volume
C) result
in a larger output of urine
D) decrease sodium reabsorption
A
9) The pulse pressure is ________.
A) systolic pressure plus
diastolic pressure
B) systolic pressure minus diastolic pressure
C) systolic pressure divided by diastolic pressure
D)
diastolic pressure plus 1/3 (systolic pressure plus diastolic pressure)
B
10) Which of the following signs of hypovolemic shock is a relatively
late sign?
A) cold, clammy skin
B) increased heart rate
C) rapid, thready pulse
D) rapidly falling blood pressure
D
11) Which of the following is likely during vigorous exercise?
A) Blood will be diverted to the digestive organs.
B) The
skin will be cold and clammy.
C) Capillaries of the active
muscles will be engorged with blood.
D) Blood flow to the
kidneys increase.
C
12) Which of the choices below explains why the arterioles are known
as resistance vessels?
A) Their prime function is the exchange
of nutrients and wastes between the blood and tissue cells.
B)
The contraction and relaxation of the smooth muscle in their walls can
change their diameter.
C) They distribute blood to various parts
of the body.
D) They contain a large quantity of elastic tissue.
B
13) Which of the following is true about veins?
A) Venous
valves are formed from the tunica media.
B) Up to 35% of total
body blood is in venous circulation at any given time.
C) Veins
have a small lumen in relation to the thickness of the vessel wall.
D) Veins are called capacitance vessels or blood reservoirs.
D
14) Which of the following processes provides a long-term response to
changes in blood pressure?
A) neural controls
B)
baroreceptor-initiated reflexes
C) chemoreceptor-initiated
reflexes
D) renal regulation
D
15) Peripheral resistance ________.
A) decreases with
increasing length of the blood vessel
B) increases as blood
vessel diameter increases
C) increases as blood viscosity
increases
D) is not a major factor in blood pressure in healthy individuals
C
16) Brain blood flow autoregulation ________.
A) is less
sensitive to pH than to a decreased oxygen level
B) causes
constriction of cerebral blood vessels in response to a drop in
systemic blood pressure
C) is abolished when abnormally high CO2
levels persist
D) is controlled by cardiac centers in the pons
C
17) Blood flow to the skin ________.
A) is controlled mainly by
decreasing pH
B) increases when environmental temperature rises
C) increases when body temperature drops so that the skin does
not freeze
D) is not an important source of nutrients and oxygen
for skin cells
B
18) Which of the choices below reflects the balance (or imbalance)
between the direction and amount of fluid that flows across the
capillary walls?
A) hydrostatic and osmotic pressure
B)
hydrostatic pressure only
C) blood volume and viscosity
D)
plasma and formed element concentration
A
19) Which of the following is a type of circulatory shock?
A)
hypovolemic, caused by increased blood volume
B) cardiogenic,
which results from any defect in blood vessels
C) vascular, due
to extreme vasodilation as a result of loss of vasomotor tone
D)
circulatory, where blood volume is normal and constant
C
20) Which tunic of an artery is most responsible for maintaining
blood pressure and continuous blood circulation?
A) tunica
intima
B) tunica media
C) tunica externa
D) basement membrane
B
21) The influence of blood vessel diameter on peripheral resistance
is ________.
A) the only factor that influences resistance
B) significant because resistance is inversely proportional to
the fourth power of the vessel radius
C) significant because
resistance is directly proportional to the blood vessel diameter
D) insignificant because vessel diameter does not vary
B
22) The form of circulatory shock known as hypovolemic shock is
________.
A) the form of shock caused by anaphylaxis
B)
any condition in which blood vessels are inadequately filled and blood
cannot circulate normally
C) shock that results from large-scale
loss of blood volume, or after severe vomiting or diarrhea
D)
always fatal
C
23) In the dynamics of blood flow through capillaries, hydrostatic
pressure ________.
A) and osmotic pressure are the same
B)
is the same as capillary blood pressure
C) generally forces
fluid from the interstitial space into the capillaries
D) is
completely canceled out by osmotic pressure
B
24) The hepatic portal vein ________.
A) is actually an artery
B) carries nutrient-rich blood to the liver
C) carries
oxygen-rich blood from the liver to the viscera
D) carries blood
from the liver to the inferior vena cava
B
25) The term ductus venosus refers to ________.
A) a fetal
shunt that bypasses the lungs
B) damage to the valves in the
veins, leading to varicose veins
C) a condition of the aged in
which the arteries lose elasticity
D) a special fetal vessel
that allows umbilical blood to bypass the liver
D
26) Which of the choices below does not explain why low capillary
pressures are desirable?
A) Capillaries are fragile and high
pressures would rupture them.
B) Most capillaries are extremely
permeable and thus even low pressures force solute-containing fluid
out of the bloodstream.
C) Low blood pressure is more desirable
than high blood pressure.
C
27) Which of the choices below does not involve tissue perfusion?
A) delivery of oxygen and nutrients to, and removal of wastes
from, tissue cells
B) gas exchange in the lungs
C)
absorption of nutrients from the digestive tract
D) blood clotting
D
28) Which of the following do not influence arterial pulse rate?
A) activity
B) postural changes
C) emotions
D)
the vessel selected to palpate
D
29) Which of the following are involved directly in pulmonary
circulation?
A) superior vena cava, right atrium, and left
ventricle
B) right ventricle, pulmonary artery, and left atrium
C) left ventricle, aorta, and inferior vena cava
D) right
atrium, aorta, and left ventricle
B
30) Histologically, the ________ is squamous epithelium supported by
a sparse connective tissue layer.
A) tunica intima
B)
tunica media
C) tunica externa
D) tunica adventitia
A
31) The arteries that directly feed into the capillary beds are
called ________.
A) muscular arteries
B) elastic arteries
C) arterioles
D) venules
C
32) Fenestrated capillaries ________.
A) are not more permeable
than continuous capillaries
B) are not common in endocrine
organs and in areas where capillary absorption is an important
function
C) do not occur in the glomerular capillaries of the
kidneys
D) are not found in the brain
D
33) Modified capillaries that are lined with phagocytes are called
________.
A) sinuses
B) sinusoids
C) thoroughfare
channels
D) anastomoses
B
34) Factors that aid venous return include all except ________.
A) activity of skeletal muscles
B) pressure changes in the
thorax
C) venous valves
D) urinary output
D
35) Which of the following blood pressure readings would be
indicative of hypertension?
A) 120/80 in a 30-year-old man
B) 140/90 in a 70-year-old woman
C) 170/96 in a
50-year-old man
D) 110/60 in a 20-year-old woman
C
36) Select the correct statement about factors that influence blood
pressure.
A) An increase in cardiac output corresponds to a
decrease in blood pressure, due to the increased delivery.
B)
Systemic vasodilation would increase blood pressure, due to diversion
of blood to essential areas.
C) Excess protein production would
decrease blood pressure.
D) Excess red cell production would
cause a blood pressure increase.
D
37) Mechanisms that do not help regulate blood pressure include
________.
A) nervous control that operates via reflex arcs
involving baroreceptors, chemoreceptors, and higher brain centers
B) the dural sinus reflex
C) renal regulation via the
renin-angiotensin system of vasoconstriction
D) chemical
controls such as atrial natriuretic peptide
B
38) The velocity of blood flow is ________.
A) in direct
proportion to the total cross-sectional area of the blood vessels
B) slower in the arteries than in capillaries because arteries
possess a relatively large diameter
C) slower in the veins than
in the capillaries because veins have a large diameter
D)
slowest in the capillaries because the total cross-sectional area is
the greatest
D
39) Select the correct statement about blood flow.
A) It is
relatively constant through all body organs.
B) It is measured
in mm Hg.
C) It is greatest where resistance is highest.
D) Blood flow through the entire vascular system is equivalent
to cardiac output.
D
40) A thrombus (blood clot) in the first branch of the arch of the
aorta would affect the flow of blood to the ________.
A) left
side of the head and neck
B) myocardium of the heart
C)
left upper arm
D) right side of the head and neck and right
upper arm
D
41) Cerebral blood flow is regulated by ________.
A) skin
temperature
B) ADH
C) intrinsic autoregulatory mechanisms
D) the hypothalamic "thermostat"
C
42) A patient with essential hypertension might have pressures of
200/120 mm Hg. This hypertensive state could result in all of the
following changes except ________.
A) increased work of the left
ventricle
B) increased incidence of coronary artery disease
C) increased damage to blood vessel endothelium
D)
decreased size of the heart muscle
D
43) The short-term controls of blood pressure, mediated by the
nervous system and bloodborne chemicals, primarily operate via all but
which of the following?
A) reflex arcs involving baroreceptors
B) altering blood volume
C) reflex arcs associated with
vasomotor fibers
D) chemoreceptors
B
44) Secondary hypertension can be caused by ________.
A)
obesity
B) stress
C) arteriosclerosis
D) smoking
C
45) Where in the body would you find low oxygen levels causing
vasoconstriction and high levels causing vasodilation?
A) kidney
B) lungs
C) liver
D) heart
B
46) Normal average blood pressure for a newborn baby is ________.
A) 120/80
B) 90/55
C) 150/90
D) 130/80
B
47) If blood pressure is almost normal in a person who has lost
blood, does that mean the tissues are receiving adequate blood flow?
A) yes
B) no
C) not necessarily
C
48) What do the ductus arteriosus and the foramen ovale become at
birth?
A) ligamentum teres; fossa ovalis
B) fossa ovalis;
ligamentum arteriosum
C) ligamentum arteriosum; ligamentum teres
D) ligamentum arteriosum; fossa ovalis
D
49) Which of the following would not result in the dilation of the
feeder arterioles and opening of the precapillary sphincters in
systemic capillary beds?
A) a decrease in local tissue oxygen
content
B) an increase in local tissue carbon dioxide
C) a
local increase in histamine
D) a local increase in pH
C
50) Arteriole blood pressure increases in response to all but which
of the following?
A) increasing stroke volume
B)
increasing heart rate
C) rising blood volume
D) falling
blood volume
E) all of these
D
51) The baroreceptors in the carotid sinus and aortic arch are
sensitive to which of the following?
A) a decrease in carbon
dioxide
B) changes in arterial pressure
C) a decrease in
oxygen levels
D) an increase in oxygen levels
B