race
a flawed system of classification with no biological basis that uses certain physical characteristics to divide the human population not supposedly discrete groups
racism
individual thoughts and actions and institutional patterns and policies that create unequal access to power, resources, and opportunities bases on imagined differences among groups
genotype
the inherited genetics factors that provide the framework for an organisms physical form
phenotype
the way genes are expressed in an organism physical form as a result of genotype interaction with environmental factors
colonialism
the practice by which a nation-state extend political, economic, and military power beyond its own boarder over an extended period of time to secure access to raw material, cheap labor, and markets in other countries or regions
miscegenation
a demeaning historical term for interracial marriage
white supremacy
the belief that whites are biologically different and superior to people of other races
whiteness
a culturally constructed concept origionating in 1691 Virginia designed to establish a clear boundaries of who is white and who is not; stratification
Jim Crow Laws
laws implemented after the U.S. Civil War to legally inform segregation, particularly in the South after the end of slavery
hypodescent
sometimes called "one drop of blood" rule; assignment of children of racially "mixed' unions to subordinate group
nativism
favoring certain long term inhabitant over new immigrants
eugenics
a pseudoscience attempting to scientifically prove the existence of separate human races to improve the population's genetics
racialization
the categorize, differentiate, and attribute a particular racial character to a person or group of people
individual racism
personal prejudiced beliefs and discriminatory actions based on race
institutionalized racism
patters by which racial inequality is structured through key cultural institutions, policies, and systems
racial ideology
a set of popular ideas about race that allows the discriminatory behavior of individuals and institutions to seem reasonable, rational, and normal