Microbiology: Microbial Metabolism Chapter 5 Flashcards

reaction that PRODUCES energy by causing a molecule to LOSE electrons

reaction that REQUIRES energy in causing a molecule to GAIN electrons

electrons that are lost in the oxidation reaction are the same electrons that are gained in the reduction reaction. these two reactions are collectively called

1. stores chemical energy released by catabolic reactions

2. provides energy for anabolic reactions

ADDING phosphate and STORING energy

REMOVING phosphate and RELEASING energy

inhibition that occurs when the

-end product of a metabolic pathway inhibits the enzyme activity near the start of the pathway

what is the FINAL electron acceptor (END PRODUCT) in AEROBIC respiration

what is the FINAL electron acceptor (END PRODUCT) in ANAEROBIC respiration

the ONLY enzyme that is NOT a protein

cut and splice RNA in EUKARYOTIC cells

enzyme inhibitors can be

a substance that binds to the enzyme and induces the enzyme's inactive form- NON-competitive inhibition

what causes an active site to CHANGE SHAPE preventing the substrate from fitting

the process by which living organisms AEROBICALLY harvest energy from food

what is glycolysis

one glucose molecule produce TWO _________ and TWO __________

the end product of glycolysis

how many molecules of ATP are invested in glycolsis

in fermentation the final electron acceptor is

PARTIAL oxidation of glucose (glucose is partially broken down) in the absence of oxygen

does FERMENTATION produce any ATP? if so.....how many

normal byproduct of muscle metabolism, that can irritate muscles and cause discomfort and sorenes (cramps)

small port in an enzyme where substrate molecules bind and undergo a chemical reaction

what molecule binds at the active site

a molecule being acted on by an enzyme to make another product

a NON-protein component (other than the substrate) whose presence is essential for the activity of an enzyme

what factors affect enzymes

BREAKING DOWN of more complex organic molecules into simpler substance and RELEASE energy

BUILDING UP of simplier substances to form more complex molecules and REQUIRE energy

the two major type of glucose catabolism are ________________ in which glucose is COMPLETELY broken down and________________ in which glucose is PARTIALLY broken down

the most commonly used carbohydrate

most of a cells energy is produced from

the sum of all chemical reactions

NON-active protein portion of an enzyme

cells extract energy and store is as

proteins produced by living cells that catalyze chemical reactions by lowering activation energy

• catalyst
• speed up chemical reactions
• LOWER the activation energy of the chemical reaction
• specific to ONE reaction
• act on a specific substrate

• a nonprotein compound that is necessary for the functioning of an enzyme
• They bind to the active site of the enzyme and participate in catalysis but are not considered substrates of the reaction
• Example NAD

co-factors are composed mainly of

an enzyme complete with both its APOenzyme and COenzyme components

MAX number of substrate molecules an enzyme can convert to a product each second

10,000 - several millin molecular weight is the standard size of

enzyme name usually end in

each time a substance is oxidized another is simultaneously reduced

NAD+ is reduced or oxidized

NADH is reduced or oxidized

ADDING a P to a molecule is called

the most usable form of energy

most common pathway for the oxidation of glucose

what is glycolsis

does fermentation require oxygen

what are the two types of fermentation

what determines whether cellular respiration is aerobic and anaerobic

how much ATP does ANAerobic respiration produce

how much ATP can AERobic respiration produce