Human Anatomy: Autonomic Nervous system Flashcards

Which letter indicates the celiac ganglion and plexus?
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Which letter indicates the aortic plexus?
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Which letter indicates the left vagus nerve?
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Which letter indicates the cardiac plexus?
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Which letter indicates the pelvic sympathetic trunk?
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

The general visceral motor division of the peripheral nervous system describes the
A) parasympathetic division.
B) sympathetic division.
C) autonomic nervous system.

Division of the ANS responsible for the fight-or-flight response describes the
A) parasympathetic division.
B) sympathetic division.
C) autonomic nervous system.

Division of the ANS most active during vigorous exercise describes the
A) parasympathetic division.
B) sympathetic division.
C) autonomic nervous system.

Division of the ANS most active when the body is at rest describes the
A) parasympathetic division.
B) sympathetic division.
C) autonomic nervous system.

This division can also be called the craniosacral division.
A) parasympathetic division
B) sympathetic division
C) autonomic nervous system

Cell body of this autonomic neuron lies outside the CNS.
A) collateral ganglia
B) rami communicantes
C) pre-ganglionic neuron
D) splanchnic nerves
E) post-ganglionic neuron

Cell body of this autonomic neuron lies within the CNS.
A) collateral ganglia
B) rami communicantes
C) pre-ganglionic neuron
D) splanchnic nerves
E) post-ganglionic neuron

Division that is dominant during exercise, excitement, or emergencies.
A) parasympathetic
B) enteric nervous system
C) inferior hypogastric plexus
D) sympathetic
E) cholinergic

The overall integrating center for the ANS.
A) hypothalamus
B) medulla
C) medulla oblongata
D) rami communicantes
E) sympathetic trunk

Division that is dominant during rest, digestion, and excretion.
A) parasympathetic
B) enteric nervous system
C) inferior hypogastric plexus
D) sympathetic
E) cholinergic

A descriptive term that identifies the type of neurotransmitter released by sympathetic
postganglionic fibers.
A) postganglionic neuron
B) adrenergic
C) medulla
D) cholinergic
E) none of the above

A class of preganglionic fibers present in both sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions.
A) postganglionic neuron
B) adrenergic
C) medulla
D) cholinergic
E) none of the above

Short nerve branches that connect the ventral rami of spinal nerves to the sympathetic
ganglia.
A) hypothalamus
B) medulla
C) medulla oblongata
D) rami communicantes
E) sympathetic trunk

Sympathetic structures of the abdomen that lie anterior to the vertebral column.
A) collateral ganglia
B) rami communicantes
C) pre-ganglionic neuron
D) hypothalamus
E) medulla oblongata

Adrenergic hormones are secreted into the bloodstream in this region of the adrenal gland.
A) hypothalamus
B) medulla
C) medulla oblongata
D) rami communicantes
E) sympathetic trunk

Three-neuron reflex arcs that exist entirely within the walls of the digestive tract.
A) parasympathetic
B) enteric nervous system
C) inferior hypogastric plexus
D) sympathetic
E) cholinergic

Location in the brain of the cardiorespiratory and vasomotor control centers.
A) hypothalamus
B) medulla
C) medulla oblongata
D) rami communicantes
E) sympathetic trunk

Ganglia of this structure are connected to the ventral rami of spinal nerves through the rami
communicantes.
A) collateral ganglia
B) sympathetic trunk
C) pre-vertebral ganglia
D) inferior hypogastric plexus
E) celiac ganglion

Network of autonomic axons giving rise to nerves of the pelvic organs.
A) aortic plexus
B) pulmonary plexus
C) inferior hypogastric plexus
D) stellate ganglion
E) dorsal root ganglion

Sacral nerves carrying parasympathetic innervation to the pelvic organs.
A) pelvic splanchnic nerves
B) sacral splanchnic nerves
C) thoracic splanchnic nerves
D) vagus nerve
E) enteric nervous system

The defecation and urination reflexes are integrated in the
A) brain stem.
B) cerebral cortex.
C) hypothalamus.
D) spinal cord.

Which of these is not innervated by the ANS?
A) cardiac muscle
B) smooth muscle
C) skeletal muscle
D) glands

Which division of the autonomic nervous system innervates the sweat glands in skin?
A) sympathetic
B) parasympathetic
C) somatic
D) integumentary

Which division of the autonomic nervous system has preganglionic fibers within the facial
nerve?
A) sympathetic
B) parasympathetic
C) somatic
D) CNS

Another name for the ANS is the
A) general visceral motor system.
B) general somatic motor system.
C) branchial motor system.
D) general peripheral nervous system.

Focusing the eye on a nearby object in the field of vision is a function of which division of
the ANS?
A) sympathetic
B) parasympathetic
C) somatic
D) cranial

Which division of the nervous system is characterized by highly branched postganglionic
fibers that innervate multiple organs?
A) parasympathetic
B) somatic motor
C) sympathetic
D) visceral sensory

The gray and white rami communicantes attach to the
A) dorsal root ganglia.
B) ventral rami.
C) dorsal roots.
D) spinal nerves.

All of the following have only sympathetic innervation except the
A) blood vessels.
B) sweat glands.
C) arrector pili.
D) salivary glands.

Which of the following cranial nerves does not supply parasympathetic fibers to the head?
A) oculomotor
B) facial
C) vagus
D) glossopharyngeal

Which of these statements concerning the glossopharyngeal nerve is incorrect?
A) The preganglionic fibers originate in the inferior salivatory nucleus.
B) The pre- and postganglionic fibers travel in this nerve.
C) The pre- and postganglionic fibers synapse in the otic ganglion.
D) Stimulation induces secretion from the parotid gland.

Which of these characteristics definitively distinguishes the autonomic nervous system from
the somatic nervous system?
A) cell bodies outside the CNS
B) cell bodies within the CNS
C) cholinergic fibers
D) myelinated axons

Which of these is not a characteristic of the parasympathetic division?
A) branched fibers
B) cholinergic fibers
C) intramural ganglia
D) myelinated fibers

Only about half a dozen parasympathetic ganglia have specific names. Two of these are the
A) celiac and superior mesenteric.
B) inferior and superior hypogastric.
C) ciliary and pterygopalatine.
D) chain and prevertebral.

What stimulates the adrenal medulla to secrete its excitatory neurohormones?
A) postganglionic sympathetic neurons
B) preganglionic sympathetic neurons
C) preganglionic parasympathetic neurons
D) postganglionic parasympathetic neurons

All of the following plexi contain fibers from the vagus nerve except
A) the otic.
B) the esophageal.
C) the celiac.
D) the superior mesenteric.

The parasympathetic nervous system is characterized by
A) peripheral ganglia near the organs, and short postganglionic fibers.
B) peripheral ganglia near the organs, and long postganglionic fibers.
C) peripheral ganglia near the spinal cord, and short postganglionic fibers.
D) peripheral ganglia near the spinal cord, and long postganglionic fibers.

Which of these statements concerning the sympathetic division is incorrect?
A) The preganglionic cell bodies form the lateral gray horn in some areas of the spinal cord.
B) There is a sympathetic trunk ganglion for each of the 31 spinal nerves.
C) There is approximately one chain ganglion for each spinal nerve.
D) It is more complex than the parasympathetic system because it supplies more structures than
the parasympathetic system.

Which of these statements is not a characteristic of collateral ganglia of the sympathetic
division?
A) They lie in the abdomen and pelvis.
B) They are paired and segmented.
C) They lie anterior to the vertebral column.
D) They are located mostly on the abdominal aorta.

The sympathetic system causes
A) decreased blood glucose and peristalsis, and increased heart rate and blood pressure.
B) increased blood glucose and peristalsis, and decreased heart rate and blood pressure.
C) increased blood glucose, heart rate, and blood pressure, and decreased peristalsis.
D) decreased blood glucose, heart rate, and blood pressure, and increased peristalsis.

Which of these statements concerning gray rami communicantes is incorrect?
A) They carry postganglionic fibers to peripheral structures.
B) Their fibers are unmyelinated.
C) They contain all the preganglionic fibers traveling to the sympathetic chain.
D) They are associated with sympathetic trunk ganglia.

Which of these descriptions is not a result of parasympathetic stimulation?
A) production of goose bumps
B) constriction of the pupils
C) increased peristalsis of the digestive viscera
D) contraction of the bladder wall in urination

The site of origin of the preganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic nervous system is the
A) thoracolumbar region of the spinal cord.
B) higher brain centers.
C) chain and prevertebral ganglia.
D) brain stem and the sacral region of the cord.

Cranial parasympathetic outflow is contained in all of the following cranial nerves except the
A) accessory.
B) facial.
C) glossopharyngeal.
D) vagus.

The micturition (urination) reflex is controlled by a parasympathetic reflex pathway in which
A) the preganglionic neurons are in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus in the brain.
B) the preganglionic cell bodies are in the wall of the bladder.
C) the preganglionic axons occur in pelvic splanchnic nerves.
D) the postganglionic axons occur in the celiac plexus.

The trunk ganglia contain what kind of cell bodies?
A) preganglionic parasympathetic
B) postganglionic parasympathetic
C) preganglionic sympathetic
D) postganglionic sympathetic

Cell bodies of the preganglionic sympathetic neurons are located within the
A) dorsal root ganglia.
B) intramural ganglia.
C) lateral gray horns of the spinal cord.
D) sympathetic trunk.

Which of the following autonomic plexi does not lie on the aorta or on the main branches of
the aorta?
A) celiac
B) superior mesenteric
C) inferior mesenteric
D) inferior hypogastric

Which autonomic division increases heart rate?
A) sympathetic
B) parasympathetic
C) somatic
D) cranial

In which autonomic division do nerve cell bodies lie closest to the organs being innervated?
A) sympathetic
B) parasympathetic
C) visceral sensory
D) somatic motor

Postganglionic neurons in the pterygopalatine ganglion
A) are very active when you cry.
B) are adrenergic.
C) run from the head to the abdomen.
D) are primarily sympathetic fibers.

Parasympathetic postganglionic fibers of the head travel within the
A) accessory nerve.
B) facial nerve.
C) trigeminal nerve.
D) vestibulocochlear nerve.

Parasympathetic ganglia that are located within the walls of the innervated organs are called
A) collateral ganglia.
B) dorsal root ganglia.
C) intramural ganglia.
D) paravertebral ganglia.

The part of the brain that exerts more control over autonomic functioning than any other part
is the
A) hypothalamus.
B) thalamus.
C) cerebral cortex.
D) cerebellum.

Parasympathetic impulses to the stomach pass through the
A) celiac plexus.
B) esophageal plexus.
C) inferior hypogastric plexus.
D) superior mesenteric plexus.

The adrenal medulla is stimulated by preganglionic neurons localized to gray matter of the
spinal cord
A) in the cervical region.
B) in the upper thoracic region.
C) in the lower thoracic region.
D) in the lower lumbar region.

Cell bodies of preganglionic sympathetic neurons are located within the
A) dorsal root ganglia.
B) intramural ganglia.
C) lateral horns of the gray matter of the spinal cord.
D) sympathetic trunk.

The cell bodies of postganglionic neurons that stimulate secretion of the parotid gland are in
the
A) superior cervical ganglion.
B) submandibular ganglion.
C) otic ganglion.
D) sphenopalatine ganglion.

Which one of these is solely innervated by the parasympathetic division?
A) adipose tissue
B) arrector pili muscle of the hair follicle
C) ciliary muscle of the eye
D) sweat glands

Identify the pathway that correctly traces the movement of preganglionic sympathetic fibers.
A) dorsal root to gray ramus communicans to sympathetic trunk ganglion
B) dorsal root to sympathetic trunk ganglion to gray ramus communicans
C) ventral root to sympathetic trunk ganglion to white ramus communicans
D) ventral root to white ramus communicans to sympathetic trunk ganglion

Another name for a chain ganglion is
A) sympathetic trunk.
B) paravertebral ganglion.
C) prevertebral ganglion.
D) intramural ganglion.

The ANS stimulates cardiac muscle as well as smooth muscle and glands. Which of the
following nerves carries autonomic fibers that increase the rate of cardiac muscle contraction?
A) phrenic nerves
B) sympathetic nerves from the lower half of the thoracolumbar spinal cord
C) vagus nerves
D) sympathetic nerves from the middle and inferior cervical ganglion

The secretions of the adrenal medulla act to supplement the effects of
A) parasympathetic innervation.
B) sympathetic stimulation.
C) vagus nerve activity.
D) reflex control.

Sympathetic fibers leave the spinal cord in the
A) craniosacral regions, and the postganglionic fibers secrete norepinephrine.
B) thoracolumbar region, and the postganglionic fibers secrete acetylcholine.
C) craniosacral regions, and the postganglionic fibers secrete acetylcholine.
D) thoracolumbar region, and the postganglionic fibers secrete norepinephrine.

Where would you not find an autonomic ganglion?
A) in the head
B) in the cervical region
C) in the armpit
D) alongside the vertebral column

Cardiovascular effects of the sympathetic division include all of the following except
A) constriction of most blood vessels.
B) dilation of the vessels serving the skeletal muscles.
C) increase in heart rate and force.
D) dilation of the blood vessels serving the skin and digestive viscera.

Over 90% of all preganglionic parasympathetic fibers are in cranial nerve
A) III.
B) V.
C) VII.
D) X.

Control of temperature, of autonomic nervous reflexes, of hunger, and of sleep are functions
associated with the
A) medulla.
B) cerebellum.
C) hypothalamus.
D) thalamus.

This organ contains modified sympathetic postganglionic neurons that lack nerve processes.
A) adrenal medulla
B) collateral ganglia
C) stellate ganglion
D) sympathetic chain ganglia

Visceral pain results from all the following except
A) cutting of an organ.
B) chemical irritation of an organ.
C) excessive stretch of an organ.
D) inflammation of an organ.

What is the effect of parasympathetic stimulation of respiratory bronchioles in the lungs?
A) constriction
B) dilation
C) decreased secretion of mucus
D) no effect

Which of the following disorders of the sympathetic division does not involve a problem
with blood vessels?
A) mass reflex reaction
B) congenital megacolon
C) Raynaud's disease
D) hypertension

Preganglionic fibers are myelinated, whereas postganglionic fibers are unmyelinated.

A) True

B) False

Parasympathetic stimulation of blood vessels causes vasoconstriction and increased blood
pressure.

A) True

B) False

Fibers from the cranial and sacral regions of the spinal cord contribute to the sympathetic division.

A) True

B) False

Postganglionic sympathetic fibers are relatively long compared to those of the parasympathetic division.

A) True

B) False

The sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions can be distinguished by the amount of branching of the post-ganglionic fibers.

A) True

B) False

Postganglionic sympathetic fibers release norepinephrine and are called cholinergic fibers.

A) True

B) False

Adrenergic postganglionic neurons release the hormones norepinephrine and epinephrine.

A) True

B) False

All parasympathetic postganglionic fibers of the head travel through the trigeminal nerve (V) to their final destinations.

A) True

B) False

The cardiac center of the medulla oblongata regulates the diameter of blood vessels.

A) True

B) False

Vagal stimulation of the heart decreases heart rate, resulting in a drop in blood pressure.

A) True

B) False

Sympathetic trunk ganglia contain the cell bodies of sensory neurons and are located in the dorsal root of the spinal cord.

A) True

B) False

The main integration center of the ANS is the amygdala.

A) True

B) False

Because the fibers of the sympathetic division arise from the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord, they cannot innervate structures of the head or pelvis.

A) True

B) False

Parasympathetic stimulation of the pelvic organs cause defecation, voiding of urine, and erection.

A) True

B) False

Parasympathetic fibers innervate the sweat glands, arrector pili, and smooth muscles of the arteries.

A) True

B) False