The hindbrain of the embryo develops into the pons, the medulla oblongata, part of the spinal cord, and what other structure?
A) hypothalamus
B) cerebrum
C) cerebellum
D) thalamus
C
12) The telencephalon develops into what adult brain
structure?
A) hypothalamus
B) cerebrum
C)
cerebellum
D) thalamus
B
The diencephalon develops into the thalamus, the epithalamus, and
what other structure?
A) hypothalamus
B) cerebrum
C)
cerebellum
D) thalamus
A
During the human embryonic and fetal periods, the brain grows
rapidly, most noticeably the growth of what structure?
A)
hypothalamus
B) cerebrum
C) cerebellum
D) thalamus
B
Which of these regions of the brain regulates body temperature,
hunger, and thirst?
A) hypothalamus
B) cerebrum
C) cerebellum
D) thalamus
A
Which of these regions of the brain, besides the cerebrum, has an
outer cortical layer of gray
matter?
A) hypothalamus
B)
cerebrum
C) cerebellum
D) thalamus
C
Which of these regions has two hemispheres connected by the corpus
callosum?
A) hypothalamus
B) cerebrum
C)
cerebellum
D) thalamus
B
Which of these regions superior-most aspect is found in close
proximity to the fourth ventricle and lies just posterior to the
pons?
A) hypothalamus
B) cerebrum
C) cerebellum
D) thalamus
C
Which of these regions of the brain has frontal, parietal, temporal,
and occipital lobes, as well as the insula?
A)
hypothalamus
B) cerebrum
C) cerebellum
D) thalamus
B
The insula is considered to be part of the ________.
A)
hypothalamus
B) cerebrum
C) cerebellum
D) thalamus
B
Which of these regions of the brain contains the basal forebrain
nuclei in the deep gray matter?
A) hypothalamus
B)
cerebrum
C) cerebellum
D) thalamus
B
Which of these regions is the largest part of the diencephalon and
forms the upper and lateral walls of the third ventricle?
A)
hypothalamus
B) cerebrum
C) cerebellum
D) thalamus
D
Which of these regions functions to direct nearly all sensory input,
except olfactory impulses, to the cerebral cortex?
A)
hypothalamus
B) cerebrum
C) cerebellum
D) thalamus
D
Which of these regions of the brain regulates hormonal secretions
from the pituitary gland (hypophysis)?
A) hypothalamus
B)
cerebrum
C) cerebellum
D) thalamus
A
Which of these regions lies between the optic chiasma and the
posterior border of the mammillary bodies?
A)
hypothalamus
B) cerebrum
C) cerebellum
D) thalamus
A
A "motor homunculus" can be visualized as an overlay on the
precentral gyrus. The reason why the facial region of this homunculus
covers such a large surface area is because
A) our ears are large
for hearing.
B) our eyes are large for seeing.
C) we have
very expressive faces.
D) we have very sensitive lips.
C
It is easy to confuse the terms sulcus and gyrus (on the cerebral
cortex). The difference between these two terms is that
A) a
sulcus corresponds to a folia on the cerebellum, whereas a gyrus
corresponds to a fissure.
B) a sulcus is the same as a fissure on
the cerebral cortex, whereas a gyrus is a lobe.
C) a sulcus is a
groove, and a gyrus is a deeper groove.
D) a gyrus is a ridge,
and a sulcus is a groove.
D
The cell bodies located in the anteriormost region of the spinal
cord's gray matter belong to this group.
A) somatic motor
B)
somatic sensory
C) visceral motor
D) visceral sensory
A
The axons in the inferior olivary nuclei relay sensory impulses
for
A) vision.
B) proprioception.
C) sound.
D) smell.
B
The visual association area of the cerebral cortex is located in
the
A) frontal lobe.
B) insula.
C) parietal
lobe.
D) occipital lobe.
D
The fluid-filled ventricles within the cerebrum are similar in
function to the ________ of the spinal cord.
A) subarachnoid
space
B) central canal
C) pia mater
D) dura mater
B
The function of the blood-brain barrier is to
A) keep neurons
from innervating blood vessels.
B) prevent all contact between
bloodborne molecules and brain tissue.
C) help protect the
central nervous system.
D) provide an impenetrable barrier
between blood and brain, because the brain gets all
its
nourishment from the cerebrospinal fluid.
C
Three "seeing/vision" nuclei that occupy the midbrain of
humans are the
A) red nucleus, substantia nigra, and cerebral
peduncle.
B) inferior colliculi, reticular formation, and
periaqueductal gray.
C) lateral geniculate, red nucleus, and
visual association area.
D) superior colliculi, motor nucleus for
oculomotor nerve, and motor nucleus for trochlear nerve.
D
Shearing of axons in a diffuse axonal injury causes such widespread
disruptions because such an injury involves
A) association
fibers.
B) commissural fibers.
C) projection fibers.
D)
pyramidal tract fibers.
C
Which of the following is a descending motor spinal tract?
A)
dorsal column pathway
B) pyramidal pathway
C)
spinocerebellar pathway
D) spinothalamic pathway
B
What types of sensory information are conveyed toward the brain in
the lateral spinothalamic tracts?
A) discriminative touch
B)
equilibrium
C) pain and temperature
D) visual senses
C
Cerebrospinal fluid is produced by choroid plexuses in all the
following locations except the
A) central canal.
B) fourth
ventricle.
C) lateral ventricle.
D) third ventricle.
A
Which of these lobes of the cerebrum lies anterior to the central
sulcus?
A) occipital lobe
B) cerebellum
C) temporal
lobe
D) frontal lobe
D
Which region of the cerebellum functionally sequences complex
voluntary muscle contractions to adjust posture as body position
changes?
A) the deep cerebellar nuclei
B) white
matter
C) the cortex
D) the flocculonodular lobes
D
The second largest region of the brain is the
A)
cerebrum.
B) brain stem.
C) diencephalon.
D) cerebellum.
D
The sheet of dura mater that separates the right and left cerebral
hemispheres is the
A) falx cerebri.
B) tentorium
cerebri.
C) falx cerebelli.
D) superior sagittal sinus.
A
At what vertebral level does the spinal cord terminate (inferiorly)
in the average adult?
A) S5
B) between L1 and L2
C)
between L5 and S1
D) C3
B
The cell bodies located in the posteriormost region of the spinal
cord's gray matter belong to this group.
A) somatic motor
B)
somatic sensory
C) visceral motor
D) visceral sensory
B
All of the following are structures of the limbic system except
the
A) hippocampus.
B) cingulate gyrus.
C) amygdaloid
nucleus.
D) caudate nucleus.
D
Which of the following is not a hindbrain structure?
A) fourth
ventricle
B) pons
C) medulla
D) basal nuclei
D
Which of the following is not a function of nuclei within the
reticular formation?
A) adjust respiratory and cardiovascular
functions
B) consolidate and store memories
C) coordinate
cranial nerve reflexes
D) maintain consciousness and alertness
B
The subarachnoid space lies between what two layers of
meninges?
A) arachnoid and pia
B) arachnoid and bone of
skull
C) arachnoid and dura
D) dura and epidura
A
Cell bodies of the sensory neurons of the spinal nerves are located
in
A) the dorsal root ganglia external to the spinal
cord.
B) the posterior gray horn of the spinal cord.
C) the
thalamus.
D) nuclei of the cranial nerves.
A
The tough, dense fibrous connective tissue meningeal layer is
the
A) dura mater.
B) subarachnoid.
C)
arachnoid.
D) pia mater.
A
Cutting the corpus callosum would lead to which of the
following?
A) The right cerebral hemisphere cannot communicate
directly with the left hemisphere.
B) Visual reflexes are
lost.
C) Emotional problems develop.
D) One-half of the body
is paralyzed.
A
What is the anatomical distinction between the basal ganglia and the
basal forebrain nuclei?
A) The basal forebrain nuclei are located
in the prefrontal cortex, whereas the basal ganglia are
within
the midbrain.
B) The basal forebrain nuclei are located closer to
the hypothalamus, whereas the basal ganglia
lie near the internal
capsule.
C) The basal ganglia are located in the brain stem,
whereas the basal forebrain nuclei are located
within the
cerebrum.
D) The basal ganglia are located outside the CNS,
whereas the basal forebrain nuclei are located
within the cerebrum.
B
The abstract representation of the homunculus overlaid on the
somatosensory cerebral cortex has the
A) head and face proximal
to the longitudinal fissure.
B) feet and ankles distal to the
longitudinal fissure.
C) thumbs and fingers proximal to the
longitudinal fissure.
D) genitals proximal to the longitudinal fissure.
D
Which of the following is a motor area for vision?
A) frontal
eye field
B) premotor cortex
C) primary visual
cortex
D) visual association area
A
Posterior gray horns of the spinal cord consist of
A) cell
bodies of interneurons.
B) dorsal roots.
C) sensory
ganglia.
D) motor neurons.
A
The cauda equina
A) consists of hair like the tail of a
horse.
B) describes the radiating patterns of projection
fibers.
C) is a series of nerve roots in the lumbar and sacral
region.
D) is confined to the thoracic and cervical segments of
the spinal cord.
C
The calcarine sulcus contains which functional area?
A) primary
somatosensory
B) auditory association
C) frontal eye
field
D) primary visual
D
A lesion to the inferior olivary nucleus in the medulla would
interfere with the function of which other structure(s)?
A)
spinal motor neurons
B) the limbic system
C) the reticular
formation
D) the cerebellum
D
One of the distinctions between the cerebrum and cerebellum is
that
A) gray matter is found superficially and deep in the
cerebrum but is present only superficially in
the
cerebellum.
B) fibers of the cerebellum enter and leave
ipsilaterally, whereas those of the cerebrum enter and
leave
contralateraly.
C) the cerebrum is folded into gyri and lobes,
whereas the cerebellum is only folded into folia
but lacks
lobes.
D) the cerebellum is involved only in refining motor
responses, whereas the cerebrum is
involved in both motor
function and cognition.
B
Cerebrospinal fluid is located within the
A) subarachnoid
space.
B) orbits.
C) cerebral cortex.
D) superior
sagittal sinus.
A
The only one of the meninges that follows the brain surface into a
cerebral sulcus is the
A) dura mater.
B) arachnoid
mater.
C) pia mater.
D) alma mater.
C
Which areas of the brain are most likely to process and store motor
skill memories?
A) the ependymal cells and ventricles
B) the
amygdala and cingulate gyrus
C) the thalamus and
hypothalamus
D) the premotor cortex, basal ganglia, and cerebellum
D
Which of the following grooves separates the cerebrum from the
cerebellum?
A) lateral sulcus
B) central sulcus
C)
longitudinal fissure
D) transverse cerebral fissure
D
After someone faints, smelling salts of ammonia may be placed under
the person's nose. The person breathes the ammonia vapors, which
deliver a sharp jolt to the nasal membranes, and the person wakes up.
This illustrates
A) how smells bring about emotions.
B) the
function of the hypothalamus in controlling sleep.
C) the
function of sensory input to the reticular activating system.
D)
how smells elicit memories of being awake, causing the person to awaken.
C
Two parts of the brain that are most involved in emotions are
the
A) medulla and cerebellum.
B) cingulate gyrus and
hypothalamus.
C) superior and inferior colliculi.
D) red
nucleus and substantia nigra.
B
A cerebrovascular accident patient who is unable to recognize faces
and objects but can still visually perceive spatial arrangement of
objects most likely has damage to
A) the primary visual
cortex.
B) the occipital lobe.
C) the posterior association
area.
D) the temporal lobe.
D
The main visceral control center of the brain is the
A) cerebral
cortex.
B) thalamus.
C) reticular formation.
D) hypothalamus.
D
Sleep-wake cycles are controlled by the pineal gland and the
A)
hypothalamus.
B) medulla oblongata.
C) thalamus.
D)
visual cortex.
A
If the most caudal part of the CNS is the conus medullaris, then the
most rostral part is/are the
A) prefrontal lobes.
B)
hypothalamus.
C) precentral and postcentral gyri.
D) cauda equina.
A
Which of the following is not part of the basal ganglia?
A)
putamen
B) Wernicke's area
C) globus pallidus
D)
caudate nucleus
B
Which of the following is not a midbrain structure?
A) third
ventricle
B) cerebral peduncles
C) corpora
quadrigemina
D) red nucleus
A
The brain stem consists of the
A) cerebrum, pons, midbrain, and
medulla.
B) midbrain, medulla, and pons.
C) pons, medulla,
cerebellum, and midbrain.
D) midbrain only.
B
Neural centers that control heart rate, respiration, and blood
pressure are located in the
A) thalamus.
B) medulla.
C)
midbrain.
D) cerebrum.
B
A shallow groove on the surface of the cerebral cortex is called
a
A) sulcus.
B) fissure.
C) gyrus.
D) furrow.
A
The hypothalamus, in addition to the cerebral cortex, is in control of emotional responses.
A) True
B) False
A
The pituitary gland (hypophysis) is connected to the hypothalamus and receives regulatory impulses that control the secretion of hormones.
A) True
B) False
A
The ventral portion of the cerebral peduncles connect the midbrain to the cerebellum and contain the pyramidal (corticospinal) motor tracts descending to the spinal cord.
A) True
B) False
B
The vasomotor center of the medulla regulates blood pressure.
A) True
B) False
A
In the olivary nuclei in the medulla, mostly proprioceptive sensory impulses are relayed to the cerebellum.
A) True
B) False
A
The medullary respiratory center controls the rhythm and rate of breathing.
A) True
B) False
A
Spinal nerve pairs in the cervical region of the spinal cord are found inferior to the vertebral bodies of the same number.
A) True
B) False
B
The cerebellum has an outer cortex, internal white matter, and areas of gray matter buried deep in the white matter.
A) True
B) False
A
Cerebrospinal fluid passes through choroidal villi to enter the superior sagittal sinus.
A) True
B) False
B
The reticular activating system (RAS) contains structures that
regulate and cause emotional
responses.
A) True
B) False
B
The amygdala is part of the limbic system and has neurons that process the emotions and reactions to fear.
A) True
B) False
A
The limbic system has neural ties to the autonomic nervous system, the hypothalamus, and the reticular formation.
A) True
B) False
A
The meninges of the brain differ from those of the spinal cord in that the dura mater of the brain splits into two layers and that there is no epidural space.
A) True
B) False
A
The white matter of the spinal cord contains ascending and descending pathways known as tracts.
A) True
B) False
A