Epicranius
Origin: Occipital Bone
Insertion: Skin and muscles around eye
Action: Raises eyebrow as when surprised
Orbicularis Oculi
Origin: Maxillary & Frontal bones
Insertion: Skin around eye
Action: Closes eye as in blinking
Orbicularis Oris
Origin: Muscles near the mouth
Insertion: Skin of central lip
Action: Closes lips, protrudes lips as for kissing
Buccinator
Origin: Outer surfaces of Maxilla and Mandible
Insertion: Orbicularis oris
Action: Compresses cheeks inward as when blowing air
Zygomaticus Major
Origin: Zygomatic bone
Insertion: Corner of mouth
Action: Raises corner of mouth as when smiling
Zygomaticus Minor
Origin: Zygomatic bone
Insertion: Corner of mouth
Action: Raises corner of mouth as when smiling
Platysma
Origin: Fascia in upper chest
Insertion: Lower border of mandible
Action: Draws angle of mouth downward
Masseter
Origin: Lower border of zygomatic arch
Insertion: Lateral surface of mandible
Action: Elevates mandible
Temporalis
Origin: Temporal Bone
Insertion: Coronoid precess + anterior ramus of mandible
Action: Elevates mandible
Medial Pterygoid
Origin: Sphenoid, palatine, maxillary bones
Insertion: Medial surface of mandible
Action: Elevates mandible and moves it side to side
Lateral Pterygoid
Origin: Sphenoid bone
Insertion: Anterior surface of mandibular condyle
Action: Depresses and protracts mandible and moves it from side
to side
Sternocleidomastoid
Origin: Anterior surface of sternum and upper surface of clavicle
Insertion: Mastoid process of temporal bone
Action: Pulls head to one side, flexes neck or elevates sternum
Splenius Capitis
Origin: Spinous precesses of lower cervical and upper thoracic
vertebrae
Insertion: Occipital Bone
Action: Rotates head, bends head to one side, or extends neck
Semispinalis Capitis
Origin: Processes of lower cervical and upper thoracic vertebrae
Insertion: Occipital Bone
Action: Extends head, bends head to one side, rotates head
Quadratus Lumborum
Origin: Iliac crest
Insertion: Upper lumbar vertebrae and twelfth rib
Action: Aids in breathing, extends lumbar region of vertebral column
Iliocostalis Lumborum
Origin: Iliac crest
Insertion: Lower six ribs
Action: Extends lumbar region of vertebral column
Iliocostalis Thoracis
Origin: Lower six ribs
Insertion: Upper six ribs
Action: Holds spine erect
Iliocostalis Cervicis
Origin: Upper six ribs
Insertion: Fourth through sixth cervical vertebrae
Action: Extends cervical region of vertebral column
Longissimus Thoracis
Origin: Lumbar vertebrae
Insertion: Thoracic and upper lumbar vertebrae and ribs 9+10
Action: Extends thoracic region of vertebral column
Longissimus Cervicis
Origin: Fourth and fifth thoracic vertebrae
Insertion: Second through sixth cervical vertebrae
Action: Extends cervical region of vertebral column
Longissimus Capitis
Origin: Upper thoracic and lower cervical vertebrae
Insertion: Mastoid process of temporal bone
Action: Extends and rotates head
Spinalis Thoracis
Origin: Upper lumbar and lower thoracic vertebrae
Insertion: Upper thoracic vertebrae
Action: Extends vertebral column
Spinalis Cervicis
Origin: Ligamentum nuchae and seventh cervical vertebra
Insertion: Axis
Action: Extends vertebral column
Spinalis Capitis
Origin: Upper thoracic and lower cervical vertebrae
Insertion: Occipital bone
Action: Extends vertebral column
Trapezius
Origin: Occipital bone and spines of cervical and thoracic vertebrae
Insertion: Clavicle, spine, and acromion process of scapula
Action: Rotates scapula; various fibers raise scapula, pull
scapula medially, or pull scapula and shoulder downward.
Rhomboid Major
Origin: Spines of upper thoracic vertebrae
Insertion: Medial border of scapula
Action: Retracts, elevates, and rotates scapula
Rhomboid Minor
Origin: Spines of lower cervical vertebrae
Insertion: Medial border of scapula
Action: Retracts and elevates scapula
Levator Scapulae
Origin: Transverse processes of cervical vertebrae
Insertion: Medial margin of scapula
Action: Elevates scapula
Serratus Anterior
Origin: Outer surfaces of upper ribs
Insertion: Ventral surface of scapula
Action: Pulls scapula anteriorly and downward
Pectoralis Minor
Origin: Sternal ends of upper ribs
Insertion: Coracoid process of scapula
Action: Pulls scapula forward and downward or raises ribs
Coracobrachialis
Origin: Coracoid process of scapula
Insertion: Shaft of humerus
Action: Flexes and adducts the arm
Pectoralis Major
Origin: Clavicle, sternum, and costal cartilages of upper ribs
Insertion: Intertubercular groove of humerus
Action: Flexes, adducts, and rotates arm medially
Teres Major
Origin: Lateral border of scapula
Insertion: Intertubercular groove of humerus
Action: Extends, adducts, and rotates arm medially
Latissimus Dorsi
Origin: Spines of sacral, lumbar, and lower thoracic vertebrae, iliac
crest, and lower ribs
Insertion: Intertubercular groove of humerus
Action: Extends, adducts, and rotates the arm medially, or pulls
the shoulder downward and back
Supraspinatus
Origin: Posterior surface of scapula above spine
Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus
Action: Abducts arm
Deltoid
Origin: Acromion process, spine of the scapula, and the clavicle
Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Action: Abducts, extends and flexes arm
Subscapularis
Origin: Anterior surface of scapula
Insertion: Lesser tubercle of humerus
Action: Rotates arm medially
Infraspinatus
Origin: Posterior surface of scapula below spine
Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus
Action: Rotates arm laterally
Teres Minor
Origin: Lateral border of scapula
Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus
Action: Rotates arm laterally
Biceps Brachii
Origin: Coracoid process and tubercle above glenoid cavity of scapula
Insertion: Radial tuberosity of radius
Action: Flexes elbow and rotates hand laterally
Brachioradialis
Origin: Distal lateral end of humerus
Insertion: Lateral surface of radius above styloid process
Action: Flexes elbow
Brachialis
Origin: Anterior shaft of humerus
Insertion: Coroniod process of ulna
Action: Flexes elbow
Triceps Brachii
Origin: Tubercle below glenoid cavity and lateral and medial surfaces
of humerus
Insertion: Olecranon process of ulna
Action: Extends elbow
Supinator
Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus and crest of ulna
Insertion: Lateral surface of radius
Action: Rotates forearm laterally and supinates hand
Pronator teres
Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of ulna
Insertion: Lateral surface of radius
Action: Rotates forearm medially and pronates hand
Pronator Quadratus
Origin: Anterior distal end of ulna
Insertion: Anterior distal end of radius
Action: Rotates forearm medially and pronates hand
Flexor Carpi Radialis
Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: Base of second and third metacarpals
Action: Flexes wrist and abducts hand
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus and olecranon process
Insertion: Carpal and metacarpal bones
Action: Flexes wrist and adducts hand
Palmaris Longus
Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: Fascia of palm
Action: Flexes wrist
Flexor Digitorum Profundus
Origin: Anterior surface of ulna
Insertion: Bases of distal phalanges in fingers 2-5
Action: Flexes distal joint of fingers
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus, coronoid process of ulna and
radius
Insertion: Tendons of fingers
Action: Flexes fingers and wrist
Extensor Capri Radialis Longus
Origin: Distal end of humerus
Insertion: Base of second metacarpal
Action: Extends wrist and abducts hand
Extensor Capri Radialis Brevis
Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: Base of second and third metacarpals
Action: Extends wrist and abducts hand
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion; Base of fifth metacarpal
Action: Extends wrist and adducts hand
Extensor Digitorum
Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: Posterior surface of phalanges in fingers 2-5
Action: Extends fingers
External Oblique
Origin: Outer surfaces of lower ribs
Insertion: Outer lip of iliac crest and linea alba
Action: Tenses abdominal wall and compresses abdominal contents
Internal Oblique
Origin: Crest of ilium and inguinal ligament
Insertion: Cartilages of lower ribs, linea alba, and crest of
pubis
Action: Tenses abdominal wall and compresses abdominal contents
Transversus Abdominis
Origin: Costal cartilages of lower ribs, processes of lumbar
vertebrae, lip of iliac crest, and inguinal ligament
Insertion: Linea alba and crest of pubis
Action: Tenses abdominal wall and compresses abdominal contents
Rectus Abdominis
Origin: Crest of pubis and symphysis pubis
Insertion: Xiphoid process of sternum and costal cartilages
Action: Tenses abdominal wall and compresses abdominal contents;
flexes vertebral column
Levator Ani
Origin: Pubic bone and ischial spine
Insertion: Coccyx
Action: Supports pelvic viscera and provides sphincter like
action in anal canal and vagina
Coccygeus
Origin: Ischial spine
Insertion: Sacrum and coccyx
Action: Supports pelvic viscera and provides sphincter like
action in anal canal and vagina
Superficial Transversus Perinei
Origin: Ischial tuberosity
Insertion: Central tendon
Action: Supports pelvic viscera
Bulbospongiosus
Origin: Central tendon
Insertion: Males - Urogenital diaphragm and fascia of penis /
Females - Pubic arch and root of clitoris
Action: Males - Assists emptying of urethra and assists in
erection of penis Females - Constricts vagina and assists in erection
of clitoris
Ischiocavernosus
Origin: Ischial tuberosity
Insertion: Pubic arch
Action: Males - Erects penis / Females - Erects clitoris
Sphincter Urethrae
Origin: Margins of pubis and ischium
Insertion: Fibers of each unite with those from other side
Action: Opens and closes urethra
Psoas Major
Origin: Lumbar intervertebral discs; bodies and transverse processes
of lumbar vertebrae
Insertion: Lesser trochanter of femur
Action: Flexes thigh
Iliacus
Origin: Iliac fossa of ilium
Insertion: Lesser trochanter of femur
Action: Flexes thigh
Gluteus Maximus
Origin: Sacrum, coccyx, and posterior surface of ilium
Insertion: Posterior surface of femur and fascia of thigh
Action: Extends hip
Gluteus Medius
Origin: Lateral surface of ilium
Insertion: Greater trochanter of femur
Action: Abducts and rotates thigh medially
Gluteus Minimus
Origin: Lateral surface of ilium
Insertion: Greater trochanter of femur
Action: Abducts and rotates thigh medially
Piriformis
Origin: Anterior surface of sacrum
Insertion: Greater trochanter of femur
Action: Abducts and rotates thigh laterally
Tensor fasciae latae
Origin: Anterior iliac crest
Insertion: Iliotibial tract (fascia of thigh)
Action: Abducts, flexes and rotates thigh medially
Pectineus
Origin: Spine of pubis
Insertion: Femur distal to lesser trochanter
Action: Flexes and adducts thigh
Adductor Brevis
Origin: Pubic bone
Insertion: Posterior surface of femur
Action: Adducts, flexes and rotates thigh laterally
Adductor Longus
Origin: Pubic bone near symphysis pubis
Insertion: Posterior surface of femur
Action: Adducts, flexes and rotates thigh laterally
Adductor Magnus
Origin: Ischial tuberosity
Insertion: Posterior surface of femur
Action: Adducts thigh, posterior portion extends and anterior
portion flexes thigh
Gracilis
Origin: Lower edge of symphysis pubis
Insertion: Medial surface of tibia
Action: Adducts thigh and flexes knee
Biceps Femoris
Origin: Ischial tuberosity and linea aspera of femur
Insertion: Head of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia
Action: Flexes knee, rotates leg laterally and extends thigh
Semitendinosus
Origin: Ischial tuberosity
Insertion: Medial surface of tibia
Action: Flexes knee, rotates leg medially and extends thigh
Semimembranosus
Origin: Ischial tuberosity
Insertion: Medial condyle of tibia
Action: Flexes knee, rotates leg medially and extends thigh
Sartorius
Origin: Anterior superior iliac spine
Insertion: Medial surface of tibia
Action: Flexes knee and hip, abducts and rotates thigh laterally
Rectus Femoris
Origin: Spine of ilium and margin of acetabulum
Insertion: Patella by common tendon, which continues as patellar
ligament to tibial tuberosity
Action: Extends knee
Vastus Lateralis
Origin: Greater trochanter and posterior surface of femur
Insertion: Patella by common tendon, which continues as patellar
ligament to tibial tuberosity
Action: Extends knee
Vastus Medialis
Origin: Medial surface of femur
Insertion: Patella by common tendon, which continues as patellar
ligament to tibial tuberosity
Action: Extends knee
Vastus Intermedius
Origin: Anterior and lateral surfaces of femur
Insertion: Patella by common tendon, which continues as patellar
ligament to tibial tuberosity
Action: Extends knee
Tibialis Anterior
Origin: Lateral condyle and lateral surface of tibia
Insertion: Tarsal bone and first metatarsal
Action: Dorsiflexion and inversion of the foot
Fibularis Tertius
Origin: Anterior surface of fibula
Insertion: Dorsal surface of fifth metatarsal
Action: Dorsiflexion and eversion of the foot
Extensor digitorum longus
Origin: Lateral condyle of tibia and anterior surface of fibula
Insertion: Dorsal surfaces of second and third phalanges of four
lateral toes
Action: Dorsiflexion and eversion of foot, extends toes
Gastrocnemius
Origin: Lateral and medial condyles of femur
Insertion: Posterior surface of calcaneus
Action: Plantar flexion of foot, flexes knee
Soleus
Origin: Head and shaft of fibula and posterior surface of tibia
Insertion: Posterior surface of calcaneus
Action: Plantar flexion of foot
Plantaris
Origin: Femur
Insertion: Calcaneus
Action: Plantar flexion of foot, flexes knee
Flexor digitorum longus
Origin: Posterior surface of tibia
Insertion: Distal phalanges of four lateral toes
Action: Plantar flexion and inversion of foot, flexes four
lateral toes
Tibialis Posterior
Origin: Lateral condyle and posterior surface of tibia and posterior
surface of fibula
Insertion: Tarsal and metatarsal bones
Action: Plantar flexion and inversion of foot
Fibularis Longus
Origin: Lateral condyle of tibia and head and shaft of fibula
Insertion: Tarsal and metatarsal bones
Action: Plantar flexion and eversion of foot, also supports arch
Extensor Hallucis Longus
Origin: Anterior surface of fibula
Insertion: Distal phalanx of the great toe
Action: Extends great toe, dorsiflexion and inversion of foot