Microbiology: Microbiology Chapter 24 Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory System Flashcards

____________ are the most common type of infection

True or False
Pathogens that enter the respiratory system can infect other parts of the body.

The upper respiratory system consists of ______________

True or False
Coarse hairs in the nose filter large particles from air entering the respiratory tract

___________ of the nose and throat trap airborne particles and remove them from
the body.

____________ provide immunity to certain infections

The lower respiratory system consists of the ___________________

Microbes in the lungs can be phagocytized by

Respiratory mucus contains _____ antibodies

The lower respiratory system is usually sterile because of the action of the ___________

Specific areas of the upper respiratory system can become infected to produce

True or False
Most respiratory tract infections are self-limiting

__________________________ can cause epiglottitis

Streptococcal Pharyngitis is caused by

group A beta-hemolytic streptococci consists of

Symptoms of Streptococcal Pharyngitis (Strep Throat) are:

Rapid diagnosis of Strept Throat is made by _______________

True or False
Rapid Strept Tests are sensitive and specific

True or False
Negative tests must be confirmed by culture or another type of test.

True or False.
Immunity to streptococcal infections is type-specific

Strep throat, if left untreated results in ___________

___________ produces erythrogenic toxin when lysogenized by a phage

Symptoms of Scarlet Fever include:

Diphtheria is caused by exotoxin-producing _________

Diptheria exotoxin is produced when the bacteria are _______________

True or False
With Diptheria A membrane, containing fibrin and dead human and bacterial cells, forms in the throat and can block the passage of air.

The diptheria exotoxin inhibits ____________, and heart, kidney, or nerve damage may result

Routine immunization in the United States includes diphtheria toxoid in the ___________

Slow-healing skin ulcerations are characteristic of _________________

Bacterial causes of Otitis Media include

Any one of approximately 200 different viruses can cause the common cold

Symptoms of the Common Cold include

Rhinoviruses grow best

True or False
Antibodies are produced against the specific viruses.

True or False
Many of the same microorganisms that infect the upper respiratory system also infect the lower respiratory
system

Diseases of the lower respiratory system include

Pertussis is caused by

The initial stage of pertussis resembles a cold and is called the _____________

During Pertussis (Whooping Cough) The accumulation of mucus in the trachea and bronchi causes deep coughs characteristic of the ___________

The third stage of pertussis is the ________ stage and can last for months

True or false
Regular immunization for children has decreased the incidence of pertussis

Tuberculosis is caused by ________________

In Tuberculosis what accounts for the bacterium’s acid-fast characteristic as well as its resistance to drying and disinfectants?

M. tuberculosis may be ingested by _________________

True or False
if M. tuberculosis is not killed, the bacteria reproduce in the macrophages.

Lesions formed by M. tuberculosis are called ________

During Tuberculosis, dead macrophages and bacteria form the caseous lesion that might calcify and appear in an X-ray image as a ___________

____________________ results in a tuberculous cavity in which M. tuberculosis can grow.

New foci of infection can develop when a caseous lesion ruptures and releases bacteria into blood
or lymph vessels; this is called ____________.

Miliary tuberculosis is characterized by _______________________________

True or False
A positive tuberculin skin test can indicate either an active case of TB, prior infection, or vaccination
and immunity to the disease

_____________ causes bovine tuberculosis and can be transmitted to humans by unpasteurized
milk.

M. bovis infections usually affect the __________________________________

True or False
Mycobacterium bovis causes bovine tuberculosis and can be transmitted to humans by unpasteurized
milk.

Typical community-acquired pneumonia is caused by

Atypical pneumonias are caused by other microorganisms. Nosocomial pneumonia’s often caused by

Pneumococcal pneumonia is caused by __________________

Syptoms are Pneumococcal Pneumonia are

A vaccine of pneumococcal pneumonia consists of purified capsular material from ___________________________

Alcoholism, poor nutrition, cancer, and diabetes are predisposing factors for _______________________.

H. influenzae is a gram ______ _________

____________ causes mycoplasmal pneumonia

Mycoplasmal Pneumonia is an ____________ disease

Mycoplasmal Pneumonia Often occurs in adolescents and young adults; may be referred to as __________________.

Legionellosis is caused by ____________________

Legionellosis is an aerobic gram _______

Legionaries disease can grow in

Legionella pneumonia :
A) does not appear to be transmitted from person to person
B) does appear to be transmitted from person to person

Commercial bird handlers are most susceptible to this disease.

Psittacosis is caused by

Chlamydophila psittaci is transmitted by

How does Chlamydophila psittaci {Psittacosis (ornithosis)} bacteria survive outside a host

Chlamydophila pneumoniae causes pneumonia

True or False
Chlamydophila pneumoniae is transmitted from person to person.

________ causes Q fever

Q Fever is usually transmitted to humans through

_____ is the most common cause of pneumonia in infants

Influenza is caused by ________ and is characterized by chills, fever, headache, and general muscular
aches.

_________ and __________ spikes project from the outer lipid bilayer of the virus.

Viral strains are identified by ___________

Viral strains are divided by antigenic differences in their __________

Viral isolates are identified by hemagglutination-inhibition tests and immunofluorescence testing
with _________________

________________ alter the antigenic nature of the HA and NA spikes

Minor antigenic changes are caused by ________________.

Deaths during an influenza epidemic are usually from

________________ are available for older adults and other high-risk groups

____________ and _____________ are effective prophylactic and curative drugs against influenza A virus

True or False
Fungal spores are easily inhaled; they may germinate in the lower respiratory tract.

True or False
The incidence of fungal diseases has been decreasing in recent years

______________ causes Histoplasmosis

what is histoplasmosis

how do you diagnoses Histoplasmosis

___________________________________ can result in coccidioidomycosis

If you have coccidioidomycosis when there are predisposing factors such as fatigue and poor nutrition, a progressive disease resembling ___________ can result.

During Pneumocystis Pneumonia, _______________is found in healthy human lungs

True or False
P. jirovecii causes disease in immunosuppressed patients.

_____________ is the causative agent of blastomycosis

Blastomycosis infection begins in the _______ and can spread to cause extensive abscesses

Histoplasmis, Coccidioidomycosis, Pneumocystis Pneumonia, Blastomycosis can be treated with ___________