Which of the following statements about algae and plants is true?
Plants have a waxy, waterproof cuticle, and algae do not.
Which of the following homologies are shared by land plants and their closest living algal relatives?
-the formation of a group of microtubules between daughter nuclei during cell division
-the presence of peroxisomes
-the structure of flagellated sperm (when present)
-rings of cellulose-synthesizing complexes
(All of the listed responses are correct)
In moving to land, plants had to overcome which of the following challenges?
desiccation
Alternation of generations _____.
is distinguished by haploid and diploid stages that are both multicellular
Plants undergo alternation of generations in which _____.
the sporophyte generation alternates with the gametophyte generation
Gametangia are _________.
Single-celled algae, multicellular in most plants
In charophytes, _____ protect(s) zygotes from desiccation.
sporopollenin
Which is a key difference between alternation of generations in plants and sexual reproduction in nonplant organisms?
In plants, the haploid and diploid stages are both multicellular.
The development of the _____ prevents plants from drying out and protects them from microbes.
cuticle
Which example below is a clade of nonvascular plants?
bryophytes
Which term is most nearly synonymous with land plants?
embryophytes
A major division in plant systematics is based on whether a particular species has _____.
vascular tissue
The gametophyte stage of the plant life cycle is most conspicuous in _____.
mosses
When you see a green, "leafy" moss, you are looking at the _____.
gametophyte generation
Rhizoids _____.
anchor the gametophytes of bryophytes
Which of the following produces eggs and sperm?
moss gametophytes
Fertilization in moss occurs when sperm swim from a(n) _____ and down the neck of a(n) _____.
antheridium ... archegonium
The gametophyte generation of a moss _____.
is haploid
How are gametes produced by bryophytes?
by mitosis of gametophyte cells
In mosses, haploid _____ directly produce buds that grow into gametophores.
protonemata
Which structure of a bryophyte sporophyte is specialized for gradual spore discharge?
peristome
In which bryophyte structure specifically does a zygote develop into an embryo?
archegonium
What structures allow plants to readily take up carbon dioxide from the atmosphere?
stomata
Sphagnum is a _____ that forms extensive deposits of partially decayed organic material.
moss
In the life cycle of a fern, the multicellular male gametangium (the sex organ that produces sperm cells) is called a(n) _____.
antheridium
In the life cycle of ferns, the multicellular female gametangium (the sex organ that contains an egg) is a(n) _____.
archegonium
Ferns and mosses are limited mostly to moist environments because _____.
they have swimming sperm
What is the evolutionary significance of megaphylls?
They increase the surface area for photosynthesis.
The "dots" on the underside of a fern frond are spore cases; therefore, what is true of the plant to which the frond belongs?
It is a sporophyte.
Where would you find a fern gametophyte?
on moist soil
Fern gametophytes are _______________.
free-living, multicellular organisms
To examine meiosis in ferns, you would study _____.
the sporangia
Vascular tissues of plants include _____.
xylem for conducting water and minerals, and phloem for conducting dissolved organic molecules
Heterosporous plants produce _____.
megaspores that develop into female gametophytes and microspores that develop into male gametophytes
Sori can be found in which of the following?
pterophytes
In sporophyte ferns, the leaves are _____.
megaphylls
The first large forests formed in the Carboniferous Period. The drawdown of CO2 levels by all of these plants caused _____.
global cooling