Gross Anatomy
the study of body structures visible to the naked eye
Anatomical position
body is erect, with feet slightly apart, head and toes pointed forward, and arms hanging at the sides with palms facing forward
Axial Skeleton
relating to the head, neck, and trunk of body.
the axis of the body
Appendicular Skeleton
limbs and their attachments to the axis
Acromial
point of the shoulder
Antebrachial
forearm
Axillary
armpit
Buccal
cheek
Carpal
wrist
Coxal
hip
Crural
leg
Digital
fingers/toes
Femoral
thigh
Fibular
side of the leg
Frontal
forehead
Hallux
great toe
Inguinal
groin
Mammary
breast region
Manus
hand
Mental
chin
Orbital
bony eye socket
Patellar
anterior kneecap
Pedal
foot
Pollex
Thumb
Pubic
genital region
Sternal
breast bone
Tarsal
ankle
Calcaneal
heel of the foot
Dorsum
back
Gluteal
buttocks
Lumbar
the loin
Occipital
back of the head/ skull
Olecranal
posterior elbow
Otic
ear
Perineal
between anus and external genitalia
Plantar
sole of foot
Popliteal
back of knee
Sacral
region between hips
Scapular
shoulder blade
Sural
calf
superior/inferior
above/below
Anterior/Posterior
front/back
Medial/Lateral
toward the midline/ away from the midline
Cranial/Caudal
toward the head/ toward the tail
Dorsal/Ventral
backside/bellyside
Proximal/Distal
nearer the trunk/farther from the trunk
Superficial/Deep
towards the surface/away from the surface
Sagittal Plane
runs longitudinally and divides into right and left sides
Frontal Plane
divides the body into anterior and posterior parts
Transverse Plane
runs horizontally, dividing the body into superior and inferior
Dorsal body cavity
1.Cranial cavity
2.Vertebral (spinal) cavity
Ventral body cavity
-thoracic cavity
-abdominopelvic cavity
Serous Membrane
double layered membranes covering the outer surface of organs
Parietal
lines the cavity walls
Visceral
covers the external surface of the organs
Peritoneum
covers the abdominal cavity and its organs
Pleura
covers the lungs
Pericardium
covers the heart
Abdominopelvic quadrants (4)
-right upper
-right lower
-left upper
-left lower
Abdominopelvic regions (9)
-umbilical
-epigastric
-hypogastric
-left iliac
-right iliac
-left lumbar
-right lumbar
-left hypochondriac
-right hypochondriac