Chapter 26 fluid and electrolyte balance Study guide Flashcards

How much of the total volume of body fluid is intracellular fluid?

80% of the extracellular fluid is:

This is the largest single component of the human body

This occurs when water loss is greater than water gain:

which of the following is used to promote sodium reabsorption by the kidneys?

which of the following is used to promote water reabsorption by the kidneys

Water intoxication results from:

Which of the following is a specific function of electrolytes in the body

in extracellular fluid the most abundant CATION is

in extracellular fluid the most abundant ANION is:

in INTRACELLULAR fluid the most abundant cation is

The Na+ level in blood is controlled by

This occurs between RBC and blood plasma as the blood level of carbon dioxide increases or decreases

This is the most abundant mineral in the body

PTH, calcitriol and calcitonin are

Buffer systems exhaling carbon dioxide and excretion by the kidneys are all

This is a condition where blood pH is below 7.35

Inadequate exhalation of carbon dioxide can cause

This imbalance results when systemic arterial blood CO2 levels raise to abnormal values:

This is the most common cause of metabolic alkalosis:

This is the most common cause of transitory respiratory alkalosis

The rate of fluid intake and outtake is how much higher i an infant than in an adult

The largest volume of body fluid is located

Bone, DNA,RNA, ATP and cell membranes all have one thing in common

Levels of which of the following are regulated by aldosterone

Electrolytes

Reabsorption of sodium from tubules of the nephron establishes an osmotic gradient that causes this to move back into the blood

The cerebrospinal fluid in the brain is classified as:

Hyperventilation (breathing in and out more air than normal) during a panic attack causes an increase in blood:

The oxygen atoms that we breath in are used immediately in aerobic respiration to make ATP and:

True/False: ADH and aldosterone are hormones that regulate fluid loss

The primary way to increase body water is to increase the formation of metabolic water

Most buffers consist of a mixture of weak acid that can donate H+ and the salt of that weak acid that can accept H+. Through this action pH change is resisted due to increases and decreases in H+ concentration

An increase in blood volume will stimulate thirst.

Albumin is a protein "buffer"in blood plasma

Changes in osmolarity and osmosis are the primary causes of water movements between various flud compartments in the body

Lists: LIst four hormones that regulate urine production in the kidneys:

Matching: Can be caused by oxygen deficiency at high altitude, stroke, or severy anxiety

Can be caused by excessive vomiting of gastric contents, gastric suctioning, use of certain diuretics, severe dehydration, or excessive intake of alkaline drugs

AN abnormal increase in the volume of intersitial fluid

Can occur during renal failure or destruction of body cells that release phosphates into the blood

Can be caused by actual loss of bicarbonate ions, ketosis, or failure of the kidneys to excrete H+

Can be caused by excessive waterintake, excessive vomiting, or aldosterone deficiency

Can be caused by emphysema, pulmonary edema, injury to the respiratory center of the medulla oblongata, airway destruction, or disorders of the muscles of breathing

Can occur from hypoparathyroidism

Can be caused by decreased potassium intake or kidney disease; results in muscle fatigue, increased urine output, changes in electrocardiogram

condition that can occur as water moves out of plasma into interstitial fluid and blood volume decreases

Can be caused by excessive sodium in the diet or with dehydration

occurs when water loss is greater than water gain

the swelling of cells due to water moving from plasma into interstitial fluid and then into cells