What are the major regions of the stomach
cardia, fundus, greater curvature, pyloric atrium, pyloric canal and pyloric sphincter
what kind of stimulation stimulates digestive activities
parasympathetic
what kind of stimulation inhibits digestive activities
sympathetic
swallowing occurs in the
oropharynx
major functions of mucosa
secrete mucus enzymes and hormones
absorb products into blood
protect against infectious disease
This structure regulates the flow of material into the colon
ileocecal sphincter
which gastric enzymes digest proteins
pepsin
why do emotions such as anger or fear slow digestion
because they stimulate the sympathetic nerves that supply the GI tract
Layers of the GI tract
mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa
the soft palate closes off the _____________ during swallowing
nasopharynx
what two passageways are for food, air and water
oropharynx and laryngopharynx
what is tongue tied and what is the condition called
an extremely short lingual frenulum and the condition is called ankyloglossia
which enzyme digest carbohydrates
amylase
glands found in the duodenum
Brunners
what kind of stimulation inhibit digestive activities
sympathetic stimulation
another name for the right colic flexure
hepatic
hepatic or stellate macrophages in liver sinusoids that remove debris and old RBC
Kupffer cells
brings nutrient rich blood to the liver
hepatic vein
the ascending colon is called
hepatic flexure
the tongue presses against the hard palate, forcing the food bolus into the
oropharynx
which pancreatic enzyme acts on glycogen and starches
amylase
muscularis of the GI tract
mucosa, submucosa, musclaris externa, serosa
innermost layer of the GI tract
mucosa
produces 900ml of bile daily
liver
which pancreatic enzyme acts to produce monosaccharides
amylase
the structure of the stomach that allows greater distension for food storage
rugae
which organ stores bile
gallbladder
which organ emulsifies dietary fat
liver
accessory organs that produce a fluid to soften food
salivary glands
this digestive aid produced by the stomach, begins digestion by denaturing proteins
hydrochloric acid
the heaviest gland in the body
liver
when the stomach is empty it collapses inward, throwing it's mucosa into large, longitudinal folds called
rugae
what are the deciduous dentition
primary teeth
what is deglutition
swallowing
what structure prevents foods or water from entering trachea
epiglottis
the sublingual glands contain mostly what kind of cells
mucous
lies under the tongue and opens via 10-20 ducts into the floor of the mouth
sublingual glands
an inflammation of the parotid glands
mumps
functions of salvia
cleanses the mouth, dissolves food chemicals, moistens food, contains enzymes that begin the chemical breakdown of starchy foods
forms a rigid surface against which the tongue forces food during chewing
hard palate
the superior labial frenulum attaches the upper lip to the
gingivae
provide the major nerve supply to the GI tract wall and control GI tract motility
myenteric nerve plexus
primary function of the mouth
chew food and mix it with salvia containing enzymes that begin the process of digestion
this plexus is located between the longitudinal and circular smooth layers of the muscularis
myenteric nerve plexus
in the esophagus, the serosa is replaced by an
adventitia
layer of the GI tract composes of areolar connective tissue that binds the mucosa to the muscularis
submucosa
function of the smooth muscle layer of the digestive system
produces local movements of the mucosa. throws the mucosa into a series of small fold that increase its surface area
this portion of the peritoneum drapes over the transverse colon and coils of the small intestine
greater omentum
which glands secrete alkaline mucus to neutralize acidic chyme
brunners
these are composed of prominent lymphatic nodules that function in the immune response
lamina propria
what do the parietal cells secrete
gastric acid and intrinsic factor
the muscularis externa is responsible for
segmentation and peristalsis
the parotid glad secretes mostly
serous cells
the esophagus begins here and extends to the stomach
laryngopharynx