The animal phylum like the protists that gave rise to the animal kingdom is
Proifera
Which of the following is a difference between plants and fungi?
Fungi are heterotrophic, and plants are autotrophic
A graduate student finds an organism in a pond & thinks it is a freshwater sponge. A postdoctoral student thinks it looks more like an aquatic fungus. How can they decide whether it is an animal or a fungus?
Looks for a cell wall under a microscope
The vegetative (nutritionally active) bodies of most fungi are
Composed of hyphae
Referred to as a mycelium
Usually underground
Fossil fungi date back to the origin & early evolution of plants. What combination of environmental & morphological change is similar in the evolution of both fungi and plants?
Colonization of land and loss of flagellated cells
The multicellular condition of animals and fungi seems to have arisen
By convergent evolution
Lichens are symbolic associations of fungi and
Cyanobacteria
Green algae
Which of the following best describes the physical relationship of the partners involved in lichens?
Photosynthetic cells are surrounded by fungal hyphae
All fungi share which of the following characteristics?
Heterotrophic
Among the organisms listed here, which are though to be the closest relatives of fungi?
Animals
Both animals and fungi are heterotrophic. Which distinguishes animal heterotrophy from fungal heterotrophy is that only animal derive their nutrition by
Ingesting it
Which of the following is (are) unique to animals?
Nervous conduction and muscular movement
The last common ancestor of all animals was probably a
Flagellated protest
Whatever its ultimate cause(s), the Cambrian explosion is a prime example of
Adaptive radiation
What is the probable sequence in which the following clades of animals originated, from earliest to most recent?
Bilaterians
Deuterostomes
Vertebrates
Tetrapods
Amniotes
Arthropods invaded land about 100 million years before vertebrates did so. This most clearly implies that
Arthropods have had more time to coevolve with land plants than have vertebrates
What distinguished a coelomate animal from a pseudocoelomate animal is that coelomates
Have a body cavity completely lines by mesodermal tissue, whereas pseudocoelomates do not
The most ancient branch point in animal phylogeny is that between having
True tissues or no tissues
Phylogenetic trees are best described as
Hypothetical; portrayals of evolutionary relationships
According to the evidence collected so far, the animal kingdom is
Monophyletic
The distinctions between sponges and other animal phyla is based mainly on the absence versus the presence of
True tissues
Which characteristic(s) is (are) shared by both cnidarians and flatworms
A digestive system with a single opening
Against which hard structure do the circular and longitudinal muscles of annelids work?
Hydrostatic skeleton
What would be the most effective method of reducing the method of blood flukes in a human population?
Reduce the freshwater snail population
Humans most frequently acquire trichinosis by
Eating undercooked pork
The heart worms that can accumulate within the hearts of dogs and other mammals have a pseudocoelom , an alimentary canal, and an outer covering that is occasionally shed. To which phylum does the heartworm belong
Nematoda
Among the invertebrate phyla, phylum arthropod is unique in possessing members that have
Wings
What distinguishes complete metamorphosis from incomplete metamorphosis in insects?
The radically different appearance between adults and earlier life stages
Chordate pharyngeal slits appear to have functioned first as
Suspension-feeding devices
Which extant chordates are postulated to be most like the earliest chordates in appearance?
Lancelets
What do all craniates have that earlier chordates did not have?
Partial or complete skulls
Jaws first occurred in which extant group of fishes?
Chondrichthyans
Which of these statements accurately describes a similarity between sharks and ray-finned fishes?
They have a lateral line that is sensitive to changes in water pressure
Which of the following belong to the lobe-fin clade?
Tetrapods
A trend first observed in the evolution of the earliest tetrapod’s was
Feet with digits
Why is the amniotic egg considered an important evolutionary breakthrough?
It allows deposition of eggs in a terrestrial environment
Which year is known as the “age of reptiles”?
Mesozoic
At the end of which period did most dinosaurs and pterosaurs become extinct?
Crustaceous
Which of the following are only extant animals that descended directly from dinosaurs?
Birds
Which of the following are the most abundant and diverse of the extant vertebrates?
Ray-finned fish
Which of the following species is currently thought to have coexisted (at the same time & place) with H. Neanderthalensis?
H. Sapiens
Which of these statements about human evolution is correct?
Different species of the genus Homo have coexisted at various times throughout hominin evolution