Human Anatomy and Physiology: Anatomy Chapter 15a Flashcards

Which of the following layer of the eyeball is characterized as the vascular layer?

This is the white fibrous outer layer that covers the outer posterior portion of the eyeball and serves to protect the inner parts of the eyeball

This is a transparent, thin, mucous tissue layer that protects the anterior surface of the white portion of the eyeball

This fluid or gel occupies the anterior segment of the eyeball

Which is not considered an “accessory structure” of the eye?

A sty (or stye) is caused by

This structure secretes a fluid that keeps the eyelids from sticking to each other

This is the transparent portion of the sclera through which light passes

The main function of this structure is to regulate the amount of light entering the eyeball through the pupil

Which of the following apply to the choroid layer of the eyeball?

This region of the eye is between the lens and the retina

Aqueous humor drains from the anterior chamber into the

Intraocular pressure is primarily due to

Blockage of the scleral venous sinus is likely to result in

Most of the light refraction in human vision occurs at the

How many extrinsic eye muscles are responsible for moving one eye?

The point of greatest visual acuity (resolution) is the:

During accommodation for near vision:

In humans, both eyes focus forward on only one set of objects. This is called

Constriction of the pupil is brought about by contraction of the

The photopigment in the rods and cones is imbedded in the

The most common type of color blindness is:

The lens is made of layers of transparent layered proteins called:

Which of the following conditions is not related to lens pathology?

Which of the following photoreceptors are functional during bright light situations?

Inflamed blood vessels in this layer show up as bloodshot eyes:

After light is absorbed in the rods:

When entering a dark room on a sunny day, it takes some time to be able to see because

The bipolar neurons associated with the sensory light receptors are found in the:

In daylight, rods contribute little to vision because

Which cranial nerve is made up of axons of the ganglion cells of the retina?

The first step in visual transduction is

Binocular vision

As the axons of the ganglion cells extend from the retina to the brain, nerve fibers

As a result of an injury, a person loses all sight in the left eye, but has no trouble seeing with the right eye. The injury has probably severed the

Blue light has both a higher frequency (more oscillations per unit time) and a shorter wavelength than red light.

The stacked disc membranes of rods are found in the outer segment of rods.

Presbyopia involves a loss in lens elasticity in older people that increases the near point of vision.

The differential activation of more than one type of cone is responsible for distinguishing different colors and hues.

The area of sharpest vision, called the fovea centralis, consists of all rods.

The pupil enlarges when the eye focuses on close objects.

The circular smooth muscle of the iris opens the pupil and the radial smooth muscle of the iris closes the pupil.

The "light absorbing form" of retinal is the trans form.

Processes involving bleaching and regeneration of the photopigments account for much, but not all, of the sensitivity
changes during light and dark adaptation.

The nasolacrimal sac empties into the nasal cavity.

Diabetes is one of the most common causes of blindness in the U.S.

Red light has longer wavelengths than blue light.

In light adaptation, the visual system adjusts to brighter environments by increasing sensitivity.

In convergence, the both eyeballs move laterally so they are both directed toward the object being viewed.

There are more cones in the human retina than rods.

Trans-retinal is the form that readily binds to opsin.

Isomerization is the chemical term that describes the conversion of cis-retinal to trans-retinal.

The blind spot of each eye is where the optic nerve penetrates the eyeball.

The aqueous humor is fluid-like and the vitreous humor is more gel-like.

Retinal is a derivative of Vitamin K.

The deepest layer of the neural retina is formed by the axons of the ganglion neurons.

Which diagram represents the
uncorrected emmetropic eye?

Which diagram represents
nearsightedness before being corrected?

Which diagram demonstrated
farsightedness before it has been
corrected?

Which diagram is being corrected with a
concave lens?

When viewing an object that is close to your eyes, which member of the following pair, are required for proper image formation on the retina?

a. Decreased curvature of the lens b. Increased curvature of the lens

When viewing an object that is close to your eyes, which member of the following pair, are required for proper image formation on the retina?

a. Contraction of the ciliary muscle b. Relaxation of the ciliary muscle

When viewing an object that is close to your eyes, which member of the following pair, are required for proper image formation on the retina?

a. Divergence of the eyeballs b. Convergence of the eyeballs

When viewing an object that is close to your eyes, which member of the following pair, are required for proper image formation on the retina?

a Dilation of the pupil b. Constriction of the pupil

With age-related macular degeneration, the (central, peripheral) vision is progressively lost.

There are (two, three, four) different cone photopigments in the retina.

Upon the absorption of light, receptor potentials in the rods and cones (increase, decrease) the release of neurotransmitter. This then induces depolarization in the bipolar cells.

When photopigments absorb light, the light (increases, decreases) neurotransmitter release thus turning (on, off) the release of inhibitory neurotransmitter so that the excited bipolar cells stimulate the ganglion cells to initiate action potentials in their axons.

All photopigments contain a glycoprotein called _______________, and a derivative of vitamin A called ___________________________.

This structure produces the aqueous humor - ____________________ _____________, while this
structure drains the aqueous humor and returns it to the blood - ____________________ __________
______________________.

______________________________ is the increase in the curvature of the lens.

This surface region on the retina that has no rods or cones is known as the _____________ ___________.
Since the image is missing from this region, it is known as the ______________ _________________.

Place the letters preceding each structure in the correct order of light passage into the eye:

A. anterior chamber; B. pupil; C. posterior segment; D. cornea; E. vitreous body; F. lens; G. retina

Place the letters preceding each structure in the correct order of nerve impulse passage starting with light absorption.

A. axons of ganglion cells; B. rods and cones; C. optic nerve; D. optic chiasma; E. bipolar cells; F. optic tract

Light passes through various layers of the retina. Starting with the vitreous chamber, place the letters preceding each of the structures through which light passes before absorption.

A. vitreous chamber; B. layer of ganglionic cells; C. layer containing the outer segments of rods and cones embedded in the pigment layer; D. layer containing axons of ganglion cells; E. layer containing the cell bodies of rods and cones; F. layer of bipolar cells