What is anatomy
study of the structure of the body
what is physiology
study of the function of the body
what is microscopic anatomy
structures too small to be seen with the naked eye
what is gross anatomy
study of large body surfaces visible to the naked eye
what is histology
the study of tissues
what is cytology
the study of cells
what is surface anatomy
obtaining information about the inside of the body from the outside
what is neuroanatomy
study of the nervous system
what is developmental anatomy
structural changes that occur in the body throughout the lifespan
what is embryology
structural changes that occur before birth
list the levels of structural organization
chemical, organelles, cellular, tissues, organ system and organismal
List the characteristics of life
breathe, movement, growth, responsiveness, digestion, metabolism, excretion
What is homeostasis
the ability to maintain a constant internal environment in the presence of a constantly changing external environment
Homeostasis is achieved by
positive and negative feedback
Name the three feedback mechanisms
receptor, control center and effector
What happens during negative feedback
the output of the system shuts off the original stimulus or reduces it's intensity
what happens during positive feedback
the level of the variable will change in the same direction as an initial change
Is this a negative of positive feedback example?
Body produces more insulin in response to a rise is blood sugar
negative feedback
Is this a negative of positive feedback example?
a blood vessel is damaged, platelets begin to cling to the injured area and release chemicals to attract more platelets
positive feedback
What two body systems control all other body systems
nervous and endocrine
describe anatomical position
standing erect, facing observer, arms to the side and close to the body, palms facing forward and feet together
superior (cranial)
up
inferior (caudal)
down
ventral (anterior)
front
dorsal (posterior)
back
medial
towards the midline
lateral
away from the midline
intermediate
in between
proximal
toward the center of the body
distal
away from the center of the body
superficial
external (on the surface)
deep
internal
name the regional term for the following body areas:
frontal, orbital, nasal, oral, mental
cephalic
name the regional term for the following body areas:
sternal, axillary, mammary
thoracic
what regional term is used for the neck
cervical
name the regional term for the following body areas
umbilical
abdominal
name the regional term for the following body areas
inguinal (groin)
pelvic
name the regional term for the following body areas
genital
pubic
name the regional term for the following body areas
acromial, brachial, antecubital, olecranal, antebrachial, carpal
upper limb
name the regional term for the following body areas
pollex, metacarpal, palmar, digital
manus
name the regional term for the following body areas
coxal, femoral, patellar, popliteal, crural, sural, fibular or peroneal
lower limb
name the regional term for the following body areas
tarsal, calcaneal, metatarsal, digital, plantar, hallux
pedal
name the regional term for the following body areas:
otic, occipital
cephalic
name the regional term for the following body areas
scapular, vertebral, lumbar, sacral, gluteal, perineal
back (dorsal)
what plane divides the body into left and right parts
sagittal
what plane divides the body into left and right parts exactly on the midline
midsagittal
what plane divides the body into left and right parts unequally
parasagittal
what plane divides the body into anterior and posterior planes
frontal (coronal plane)
what plane divides the body into superior and inferior parts
transverse (cross section)
what plane divides the body diagonally
oblique
name the two types of body cavities
dorsal and ventral
what are the two subdivision of the dorsal cavity
cranial and vertebral
what does the cranial cavity contain
skull and brain
what does the vertebral cavity contain
spinal cord
what are the two subdivisions of the ventral cavity
thoracic and abdominopelvic
name the subdivision of the thoracic cavity
left pleural, right pleural and pericardial
name the subdivisions of the abdominopelvic cavity
abdominal and pelvic
what are the ventral body cavities are lined by
serous membranes
serous membranes can be found where
around the lungs (pleural), around the heart (pericardium) and abdominal(peritoneum)
name the two layers of the serous membranes
visceral (inner) and parietal (outer)
What region is the centermost region deep to and surrounding the umbilicus
umbilical region
what region is located superior to the umbilical region
epigastric region
what region is located inferior to the umbilical region
hypogastric region
what region is located lateral to the hypogastric region
right and left iliac or inguinal region
what region lies lateral to the umbilical region
right and left lumbar region
what region lies lateral to the epigastric region and deep to the ribs
right and left hypochondriac regions