Plasma minus its clotting proteins is termed _________ .
Correct Answer: serum
_________ is the consolidation or tightening of the fibrin clot that helps to bring the edges of a damaged vessel closer together.
Correct Answer: clot retraction
Hemoglobin functions in transporting both oxygen and carbon dioxide and in regulating blood pressure.
Correct Answer: True
The most numerous white blood cells in a differential white blood cell count of a healthy individual are the neutrophils.
Correct Answer: True
Which of the following are not required for clot formation? (1) vitamin K, (2) calcium, (3) prostacyclin, (4) plasmin, (5) fibrinogen.
Correct Answer:
3 and 4
Place the steps involved in hemostasis in the correct order. (1) conversion of fibrinogen into fibrin, (2) conversion of prothrombin into thrombin, (3) adhesion and aggregation of platelets on damaged vessel, (4) prothrombinase formed by extrinsic or intrinsic pathway, (5) reduction of blood loss by initiation of a vascular spasm.
Correct Answer:
5, 3, 4, 2, 1
Which of the following statements explain why red blood cells (RBCs) are highly specialized for oxygen transport? (1) RBCs contain hemoglobin. (2) RBCs lack a nucleus. (3) RBCs have many mitochondria and thus generate ATP aerobically. (4) The biconcave shape of RBCs provides a large surface area for the inward and outward diffusion of gas molecules. (5) RBCs can carry up to four oxygen molecules for each hemoglobin molecule.
Correct Answer:
1, 2, 4, and 5
Response Feedback:
(1) RBCs contain hemoglobin. (2) RBCs lack a nucleus. (3) RBCs DO NOT have many mitochondria and thus DO NOT generate ATP aerobically. (4) The biconcave shape of RBCs provides a large surface area for the inward and outward diffusion of gas molecules. (5) RBCs can carry up to four oxygen molecules for each hemoglobin molecule.
Which of the following are true? (1) White blood cells leave the bloodstream by emigration. (2) Adhesion molecules help white blood cells stick to the endothelium, which aids emigration. (3) Neutrophils and macrophages are active in phagocytosis. (4) The attraction of phagocytes to microbes and inflamed tissue is termed chemotaxis. (5) Leucopenia is an increase in white blood cell count that occurs during infection.
Correct Answer:
1, 2, 3, and 4
Response Feedback:
(1) White blood cells leave the bloodstream by emigration. (2) Adhesion molecules help white blood cells stick to the endothelium, which aids emigration. (3) Neutrophils and macrophages are active in phagocytosis. (4) The attraction of phagocytes to microbes and inflamed tissue is termed chemotaxis. (5) Leucopenia is a DEcrease in white blood cell count that occurs during infection.
A person with type A Rh2 blood can receive a blood transfusion from which of the following types? (1) A Rh+, (2) B Rh − , (3) AB Rh − , (4) O Rh − , (5) A Rh − .
Correct Answer:
4 and 5
A person with type B positive blood receives a transfusion of type AB positive blood. What will happen?
Correct Answer:
The recipient's antibodies will react with the donor's red blood cells.
What happens to the iron (Fe3+) that is released during the breakdown of damaged red blood cells?
Correct Answer:
It attaches to transferrin and is transported to bone marrow for use in hemoglobin synthesis.
Which of the following would not cause an increase in erythropoietin?
Correct Answer:
polycythemia.
Response Feedback:
"Poly" means "many". A person with polycythemia has too many red blood cells (RBCs). Therefore, their body would not want to increase the rate of RBC production (it would want to DECREASE RBC production).
Match the following blood components to their descriptions.
contain hemoglobin and function in gas transport
Correct Answer:
red blood cells
Match the following blood components to their descriptions.
cell fragments enclosed by a piece of the cell membrane of megakaryocytes; contain clotting factors
Correct Answer:
platelets
Match the following blood components to their descriptions.
individual forms of progenitor cells; named on the basis of the mature elements in blood they will ultimately produce
Correct Answer:
colony-forming units
Match the following blood components to their descriptions.
white blood cell showing a kidney-shaped nucleus; capable of phagocytosis
Correct Answer:
monocytes
Match the following blood components to their descriptions.
monocytes that roam the tissues and gather at sites of infection or inflammation
Correct Answer:
wandering macrophages
Match the following blood components to their descriptions.
occur as B cells, T cells, and natural killer cells
Correct Answer:
lymphocytes
Match the following blood components to their descriptions.
give rise to red blood cells, monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, and platelets
Correct Answer:
myeloid stem cells
Match the following blood components to their descriptions.
combat the effects of histamine and other mediators of inflammation in allergic reactions; also phagocytize antigen-antibody complexes
Correct Answer:
eosinophils
Match the following blood components to their descriptions.
respond to tissue destruction by bacteria; release lysozyme, strong oxidants, and defensins
Correct Answer:
neutrophils
Match the following blood components to their descriptions.
older neutrophils with several differently shaped nuclear lobes
Correct Answer:
polymorphs
Match the following blood components to their descriptions.
released from the red bone marrow, they develop into mature red blood cells
Correct Answer:
reticulocytes
Match the following blood components to their descriptions.
give rise to lymphocytes
Correct Answer:
lymphoid stem cells
Match the following blood components to their descriptions.
cells no longer capable of replenishing themselves; can only give rise to more specific formed elements of blood
Correct Answer:
progenitor cells
Match the following blood components to their descriptions.
hormone that stimulates formation of platelets
Correct Answer:
thrombopoietin
Match the following blood components to their descriptions.
monocytes that leave the blood and reside in a particular tissue such as alveolar macrophages in the lungs
Correct Answer:
fixed macrophages
Match the following blood components to their descriptions.
involved in inflammatory and allergic reactions; are involved in hypersensitivity reactions
Correct Answer:
basophils
Match the following blood components to their descriptions.
stimulate white blood cell formation
Correct Answer:
cytokines
Match the following blood components to their descriptions.
cells that give rise to all the formed elements of blood; derived from mesenchyme
Correct Answer:
pluripotent stem cells
Match the following blood components to their descriptions.
hormone that increases the numbers of red blood cell precursors
Correct Answer:
erythropoietin
Match the following clotting elements with their descriptions.
tissue protein that leaks into the blood from cells outside blood vessels and initiates the formation of prothrombinase
Correct Answer:
thromboplastin
Match the following clotting elements with their descriptions.
an anticoagulant
Correct Answer:
heparin
Match the following clotting elements with their descriptions.
platelet hormone that stim-ulates repair of damaged vessel walls
Correct Answer:
platelet-derived growth factor
Match the following clotting elements with their descriptions.
its formation is initiated by either the extrinsic or intrin-sic pathway or both; catalyzes the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin
Correct Answer:
prothrombinase
Match the following clotting elements with their descriptions.Correct Answer:
glycoproteins and glycolipids on the surfaces of red blood cells that can act as antigens
Correct Answer:
agglutinogens
Match the following clotting elements with their descriptions.
forms the threads of a clot; produced from fibrinogen
Correct Answer:
fibrin
Match the following clotting elements with their descriptions.
can dissolve a clot by digesting fibrin threads
Correct Answer:
plasmin
Match the following clotting elements with their descriptions.
serves as the catalyst to form fibrin; formed from prothrombin
Correct Answer:
thrombin
Match the following blood tests to their descriptions.
the percentage of total blood volume occupied by red blood cells
Correct Answer:
hematocrit
Match the following clotting elements with their descriptions.
the percentage of each type of white blood cell
Correct Answer:
differential white blood cell count
Match the following blood tests to their descriptions.
measures numbers of RBCs, WBCs, platelets per μl of blood; hematocrit, and differential WBC count
Correct Answer:
complete blood count
Match the following blood tests to their descriptions.
measures the rate of erythropoiesis
Correct Answer:
reticulocyte count
Match the following blood tests to their descriptions.
withdrawal of blood from a vein using a needle and collecting tube
Correct Answer:
venipuncture
Match the following blood tests to their descriptions.
withdrawal of a small amount of red bone marrow with a fine needle and syringe
Correct Answer:
bone marrow aspiration
Match the following blood tests to their descriptions.
removal of a core of red bone marrow with a large needle
Correct Answer:
bone marrow biopsy