Human Anatomy & Physiology: Chapter 23- Digestive System Flashcards

Alimentary canal and accessory organs

continuous muscular digestive tube that runs through the body digesting and absorbing food. They includes mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine

aid digestion physically and produce secretions that break down food. They include teeth, tongue, gallbladder, salivary glands, liver, and pancreas

Act of putting food in the mouth

moves food through the alimentary canal and includes swallowing and peristalsis

waves of contractions and relaxation of muscle in organ walls to push food along

PHYSICAL process of breaking food down in preparation for digestion. Involves chewing, mixing, churning, and segmentation

series of catabolic steps where complex food molecules are broken down to their chemical building blocks by enzymes

digested products pass from lumen of GI tract through mucosal cells into blood and lymph (small intestine)

eliminates indigestible substances from the body as feces

mechanical and chemical stimuli
extrinsic and intrinsic (nervous and hormonal)

External surfaces of most digestive organs
Lines the wall of the abdominal cavity

Located between the visceral and perietal peritoneums and is filled with serous fluid

Double layered peritoneum that extends to the digestive organs from the body wall and allows vessels, lymphatics, and nerves to reach the digestive organs, hold organs in place, and store fat.

posterior to messentery lying against dorsal abdominal wall

digestive system and includes the arteries that branch off the abdominal aorta to serve the digestive organs and hepatic portal circulation

inner most epithelial membrane that lines the entire digestive tract
secretes mucus, digestive enzymes, and hormones. Absorbs digestive end products into the blood.
Protects against infectious disease.

Dense connective layer containing blood and lymphatic vessels, lymphoid follicles, and nerve fibers

consists of smooth muscle and is responsible for peristalsis and segmentation

protective outer later of the intraperitoneal organs and is the visceral peritoneum

stratified squamous epithelial mucosa lined cavity
lips, cheeks, palate, tongue

forms the roof of the mouth and contains both the soft palate and hard palate

Interlacing bundles of skeletal muscle
Reposition food when chewing, mix food with saliva, initiate swallowing, and help for consonants for speech

Produce saliva
cleanses the mouth, dissolves food chemicals for taste, moistens food, and contains chemicals that begin to break down starches.

starts starch digestion in the mouth
destroys microbes in the mouth

provides a passageway for foods, fluid, and air

provides a passageway for foods and fluids

begins the mechanical breakdown of food and mixes food with saliva (chewing)

Swallowing
Buccal phase
Pharyngeal-esophageal phase

Voluntary and occurs in the mouth when the bolus is forced into the oropharynx
Involuntary and occurs when food is squeezed through the pharynx and into the esophagus

temporary storage tank where chemical break down of proteins in initiated and food is converted into chyme

About 15-25 cm long but its diameter varies from person to person

cardiac region, fundus, body, and pyloric

Convex lateral surface
Convex medial surface

simple columnar composed of goblet cells that secrete a two layer coat of alkaline mucus

produce gastric juices composed of mucus, hydrochloric acid, intrinsic factor, pepsinogen, and a variety of hormones