CHAPTER 23 Flashcards

Which of the following statements about sepsis is FALSE?
A. Lymphangitis may occur.
B. It most always is self-limiting
C. It usually is caused by gram-positive bacteria.
D. Symptoms include fever and decreased blood pressure.
E. It may be aggravated by antibiotics.

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?
A. Burkitt's lymphoma – Epstein-Barr virus
B. rheumatic fever– Streptococcus pyogenes
C. subacute bacterial endocarditis – alpha-hemolytic streptococci
D. acute bacterial endocarditis – Staphylococcus aureus
E. puerperal sepsis – Staphylococcus aureus

Which of the following is NOT a recognized form of anthrax?
A. cutaneous
B. gastrointestinal
C. septic
D. inhalationial
E. None of the answers are correct; all of these are recognized forms of anthrax.

Which of the following is NOT typically treated with penicillin?
A. puerperal sepsis
B. rat-bite fever
C. serious wounds at risk for gas gangrene
D. patients at risk for rheumatic fever
E. tularemia

Which of the following statements about tularemia is FALSE?
A. It may be transmitted by arthropods.
B. It occurs only in California.
C. It is caused by Francisella tularensis.
D. It may be transmitted by direct contact.
E. The most common reservoir is rabbits.

Which of the following is a symptom of brucellosis?
A. undulant fever
B. pneumonia
C. relapsing fever
D. gastroenteritis
E. jaundice

Which of the following is NOT transmitted in raw milk?
A. listeriosis
B. brucellosis
C. toxoplasmosis
D. anthrax
E. All of these can be transmitted in raw milk.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Bacillus anthracis?
A. is gram-positive
B. is aerobic
C. found in soil
D. produces endotoxins
E. forms endospores

The symptoms of gas gangrene are due to all of the following EXCEPT
A. hyaluronidase.
B. microbial fermentation.
C. proteolytic enzymes.
D. endocarditis
E. necrotizing exotoxins.

Which of the following is NOT a bacterial pathogen transmitted by the bite of an animal?
A. Bartonella henselae
B. Streptobacillus
C. Pasteurella multocida
D. Plasmodium vivax
E. None of the answers is correct; all of these bacterial infections can be transmitted by dog or cat bites.

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?
A. encephalitis – Ixodes (tick)
B. epidemic typhus – Pediculus (louse)
C. Rocky Mountain spotted fever – Dermacentor (tick)
D. malaria – Anopheles (mosquito)
E. dengue – Aedes (mosquito)

Unsanitary and crowded conditions increase the incidence of all of the following diseases EXCEPT
A. plague.
B. relapsing fever.
C. endemic murine typhus.
E. epidemic typhus.
D. Rocky Mountain spotted fever.

Which of the following statements about toxoplasmosis is FALSE?
A. The reservoir is cats.
B. It is transmitted by the gastrointestinal route.
C. It can be congenital.
D. It typically is a severe illness in adults.
E. It is caused by a protozoan.

Which of the following pairs does NOT apply to Chagas' disease?
A. diagnosis of acute phase – serological tests for antibodies
B. reservoir – rodents
C. causative agent – Trypanosoma cruzi
D. treatment – nifurtimox
E. vector – kissing bug

Which of the following is NOT caused by a bacterium?
A. epidemic typhus
B. tickborne typhus
C. relapsing fever
D. plague
E. malaria

Which is NOT considered a potential agent of bioterrorism?
A. Brucella melitensis
B. Bacillus anthracis
C. Anaplasma phagocytophilium
D. Franciella tularensis
E. All of these agents are potential bioterrorism agents.

Which of the following statements about puerperal sepsis is FALSE?
A. It is caused by health care personnel.
B. Its frequency of occurrence has decreased because of antibiotics and aseptic techniques.
C. It is a complication of abortion or childbirth.
D. It begins as a focal infection.
E. It is transmitted from mother to fetus.

Which of the following statements about schistosomiasis is FALSE?
A. The cercariae penetrate human skin.
B. It is caused by a roundworm.
C. The intermediate host is an aquatic snail.
D. The female lives in a groove that runs down the body of the male.
E. The symptoms are caused by immune reactions to the eggs shed in the human host.

Which of the following statements about rheumatic fever is FALSE?
A. Once resolved, a patient rarely experiences a reoccurrence.
B. It is an inflammation of the heart.
C. It is an inflammation of the joints.
D. It is a complication of a group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection.
E. The incidence has declined in the last ten years.

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?
A. Francisella – gram-positive facultatively anaerobic pleomorphic bacillus
B. Rickettsia – intracellular parasite
C. Brucella – gram-negative aerobic rods
D. Bacillus – gram-positive endospore-forming rods
E. None of the pairs is mismatched.

Which of the following can be transmitted from an infected mother to her fetus across the placenta?
A. Yersinia
B. Spirillum
C. Borrelia
D. cytomegalovirus
E. anthrax

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?
A. Pasteurella – cat-scratch disease
B. Streptobacillus – rat-bite fever
C. Borrelia – relapsing fever
D. Rickettsia- typhus.
E. Yersinia – plague

A patient returning from an extended trip into Mexico has an ulcerating papule at the site of a previous bug bite. Microscopic examination of the papule reveals nucleated amastigotes in white blood cells. The patient most likely has
A. malaria.
B. anthrax.
C. brucellosis.
D. schistosomiasis.
E. leishmaniasis.

Human-to-human transmission of plague is usually by
A. rat flea.
B. dog flea.
C. the respiratory route.
D. unsanitary conditions.
E. wounds.

A characteristic symptom of plague is
A. nausea and vomiting.
B. swollen lymph nodes.
C. rose-colored spots.
D. small red spots on the skin.
E. recurrent fever.

Which of the following pairs regarding the epidemiology of malaria is mismatched?
A. treatment – chloroquine when possible
B. diagnosis – presence of merozoites
C. etiology – Plasmodium
D. enter liver cells – sporozoites
E. vector – Ixodes

A predisposing factor for infection by Clostridium perfringens is
A. debridement.
B. gangrene.
C. hyperbaric treatment.
D. an infected finger.
E. burns.

Which of the following is NOT a zoonosis?
A. anthrax
B. Hantavirus infection
C. brucellosis
D. puerperal sepsis
E. tularemia

Arthropods can serve as a reservoir for all of the following diseases EXCEPT
A. epidemic typhus.
B. yellow fever.
C. malaria.
D. brucellosis.
E. plague.

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?
A. brucellosis – a temperature of 40°C each evening
B. tularemia – a localized infection appearing as a small ulcer
C. toxoplasmosis – congenital brain damage
D. cat-scratch disease – malignant pustule developing into septicemia
E. Borrelia – rash and flulike

Which of the following CANNOT be transmitted to humans from domestic cats?
A. Chagas' disease
B. toxoplasmosis
C. Bartonella
D. plague
E. None of the answers is correct; all of these diseases can be transmitted to humans from domestic cats.

Which of the following is the same for both relapsing fever and undulant fever?
A. rodent reservoir
B. presence of rash
C. mode of transmission
D. rising and falling body temperature
E. treatment with tetracycline

Which of the following is NOT treated with antibiotics?
A. anthrax
B. Ebola
C. plague
D. tularemia
E. Lyme disease

Which of the following produces a permanent carrier state following infection?
A. Borrelia
B. cytomegalovirus
C. Toxoplasma
E. Spirillum
D. Yersinia

Epstein-Barr virus has been implicated in all of the following EXCEPT
A. endocarditis.
B. Hodgkin's disease.
C. nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
D. Burkitt's lymphoma.
E. infectious mononucleosis.

Which of the following leads to all the others?
A. bacterial growth in endothelial cells
B. presence of antirickettsial antibodies
C. subcutaneous hemorrhaging
D. breakage of capillaries
E. blockage of capillaries

A patient complains of fever, severe muscle and joint pain, and a rash. The patient reports returning from a Caribbean vacation one week ago. Which of the following do you suspect?
A. Hantavirus hemorrhagic fever
B. dengue
C. typhus
D. Lassa fever
E. yellow fever

Which of the following pairs is NOT correctly matched for Gram reaction?
A. anthrax – gram-positive
B. tularemia – gram-negative
C. Rocky Mountain spotted fever – gram-negative
D. Ehrlichia – gram-positive
E. Lyme disease – gram-negative

Scrapings from a patient's rash reveal cercariae. The disease is most likely
A. Rocky Mountain spotted fever.
B. Chagas' disease.
C. relapsing fever.
D. swimmer's itch.
E. Lyme disease.

You advise your pregnant friend to not adopt a new kitten from her neighbor because she could contract
A. Burkitt's Lymphoma.
B. toxoplasmosis.
C. plague.
D. infectious mononucleosis.
E. listeriosis.

Which of the following is evidence that the arthritis afflicting children in Lyme, Connecticut, was due to bacterial infection?
A. transmitted by ticks
B. accompanied by a rash
C. affected mostly children
D. treatable with penicillin
E. not contagious

Which of the following is NOT controlled by a mosquito eradication program?
A. malaria
B. chikungunya fever
C. schistosomiasis
D. yellow fever
E. dengue fever

A 62-year-old man was hospitalized with an eight-day history of fever, chills, sweats, and vomiting. His temperature on admission was 40°C (104°F). A routine peripheral blood smear revealed ring-shaped bodies in the RBCs. What treatment would you prescribe?
A. hyperbaric oxygen
B. streptomycin
C. mefloquine
D. penicillin
E. no treatment

Which of the following statements about group B streptococci is FALSE?
A. They are present in healthy carriers.
B. They cause strep throat.
C. They cause gram-positive sepsis.
D. They cause neonatal sepsis.
E. They are classified as Streptococcus agalactiae

Brucella bacteria are considered a potential agent of bioterrorism because
A. infection causes a fever.
B. they cause ulcerating lesions of the skin.
C. they are not susceptible to antibiotics.
D. they are endospore-forming bacteria.
E. they easily become airborne.

What is NOT true about gram-negative sepsis?
A. The progression to lethal stages is rapid.
B. Potent exotoxins cause shock.
C. LPS is released upon death of the cells.
D. The rapid progression is almost impossible to treat effectively.
E. The site of infection itself may not be the bloodstream.

Which is NOT true regarding Rocky Mountain spotted fever?
A. The organism passes from one generation of Dermacentor to the next.
B. It is most common in the Rocky Mountain region.
C. The macular rash is sometimes mistaken for measles.
D. It is caused by Rickettsia rickettsii.
E. It is also known as tick-borne typhus.

Yellow fever
A. is transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes.
B. has a mortality rate of 5%.
C. was eradicated from the U.S. in the early 1900s.
D. has an effective component vaccine available.
E. cannot be transmitted human to human.

Which set of pairs is mismatched?
A. Chikungunya - Anopheles
B. Marburg virus -African monkeys
C. Trypanosoma cruzi - Reduviid bug
D. Dengue - Aedes aegypti
E. Yellow fever - Aedes aegypti

Which is NOT true concerning Babesiosis?
A. It has rodent reservoirs.
B. It is sometimes mistaken for malaria.
C. The parasite can be found within red blood cells in patient samples.

D. It is a tickborne disease.

E. It is caused by an obligate intracellular bacterium.