Chromosomes and Mitosis Flashcards

40%DNA and 60%protein structures carrying genetic information in the form of genes; coiled up chromatin

protein balls found in chromatin that DNA wraps around to give it structure

one long half of a duplicated chromosome (X), sisters

the point on a chromosome by which it is attached to a spindle fiber during cell division (holds sister chromatids together)

a chromosome involved with determining the sex of an organism, typically one of two kinds (2 out of 46 X's)

any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome (44 out of 46 X's)

chromosome pairs, one from each parent, that are similar in length, gene position, and centromere location

a picture of all the paired up chromosomes in size order (sex chromosomes last, bottom right)

containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent, body cell (somatic)

having a single set of unpaired chromosomes, sex cell (gamete)

a kind of asexual reproduction. It is the most common form of reproduction in prokaryotes, to split into two cells, a type of mitosis

a type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus, makes body cells

proteins that aids DNA in function ex. DNA helicase

a type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell, production of gametes and plant spores

sex cell; an egg or a sperm cell

the resting phase between mitotic divisions of a cell, includes G1, S, G2

the cytoplasmic division of a cell at the end of mitosis or meiosis, bringing about the separation into two daughter cells (cell plate or cleavage furrow formations)

the first stage of cell division, 1. chromatin coils up into condensed chromosomes 2. nuclear envelope disappears 3. centrioles move away from each other 4. centrioles start shooting out spindle fibers

microtubules (protein tubes) that push and pull chromosomes during cell division

the second stage of cell division, chromosomes become attached to the spindle fibers and are moved along equator of cell

third stage of cell division in which the chromosomes move away from one another to opposite poles being pulled by the spindle fibers

the final phase of cell division, 1. the chromosomes unwind back into chromatin 2. two nuclei are reformed 3. centriole pair move back together 4. spindle fibers disintegrate

a line that develops at the midpoint between the two groups of chromosomes in a dividing plant cell, turns into a cell wall; during cytokinesis

"long and thin", unwound chromosomes, wound-up DNA around histones

first part of interphase, when baby cell grows in size

only sometimes between G1 and S stages; when cell freezes growth and development (so if you damage this cell, there's no fixing it)

last part of interphase; when cell prepares to divide

middle part of interphase; when cell replicates its DNA (helicase, polymerase, ligase...etc); longest period in cell cycle

mitotic division; mitosis; when cell divides by P, M, A, T; last part of cell cycle

area around spindle fibers; especially in plant cells

pair of star-like structures in animal cells that shoot out spindle fibers

spindle fibers connected to the centromeres that push and pull chromosome X's

spindle fibers connected to centrioles (at the poles) that are shot out

pinching in of animal cells during cytokinesis to split the cells into two

a body cell