DNA, RNA, Protein Synthesis Flashcards

enzyme that lays down an RNA primer on both the leading and lagging strands during replication

enzyme that adds or "zips up" nucleotides to both leading and lagging strands of DNA during replication,

starting point of replication on both leading and lagging strand with temporary RNA nucleotides, this will be replaced with actual DNA nucleotides by DNA polymerase

term to describe how DNA replication is one new strand with one original strand

structure of DNA (with the help of Franklin)

term to describe how the DNA strands run opposite direction

place on the DNA where transcription stops

nucleoplasm (in nucleus)

enzyme that "seals up" spaces between Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand during replication

chunks/pieces of replication on the lagging strand

initiation, elongation, termination

AUG

double helix

Deoxyribose

place on DNA where transcription starts

AA

3 nitrogen base code on the tRNA,

a building block of DNA or RNA (nucleic acids)

strong bonds in DNA on the sides

the order of nucleotides in DNA or RNA or the order of amino acids in a protein.

the sugar of RNA

the process of giving DNA's information to mRNA

the process that turns the RNA language into the protein language by the mRNA and tRNA meeting up at the rRNA ribosome

the concept that genetic information encoded in DNA is transcribed to mRNA. Then the mRNA moves to the ribosome where the information is translated into the amino acid sequnce of a protein (DNA->RNA->Protein).

a building block of proteins

a change in the nucleotide base sequence of a gene or DNA molecule.

The three-nucleotide sequence on mRNA

enzyme that unzips strands of DNA by breaking H bonds during replication

their job is to keep the 2 strands of DNA separated while replication occurs

enzyme that both unzips AND zips up during transcription

A stretch of chromosome/DNA that codes for a trait

a sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogen base

The process by which DNA makes a copy of itsel

two amino acids bonded together after translation

3 or more amino acids

replication, transcription, translation

right-handed turn

adenine and guanine; 2 rings of carbon

cytosine and thymine; 1 ring of carbon

the Y-shaped region that results when the 2 strands separate

several points along DNA double-strands that replicate at the same time (to save time)

first type of RNA that carries the instructions from DNA to the ribosome to make a protein

part of the stucture of ribosome, which is an organelle where protein synthesis occurs

third type of RNA that transfers amino acids to the ribosome to make a protein

the complete genetic material contained in an individual

weak bonds in DNA in the middle

Woman who generated x-ray images of DNA, she povided Watson and Crick with key data about DNA

discovered the structure of DNA

in replication, the new DNA strand synthesized continuously along the template strand toward the replication fork in the mandatory 5' to 3' direction

in replication, the strand that is synthesized in fragments using individual sections

transcription and translation

UAA, UAG, UGA

place on mRNA that starts translation

place on mRNA that stops translation

ribosome

enzyme that unwinds/untwists the strands of DNA during replication