DNA Technology Flashcards

a form of applied genetics in which scientists directly manipulate genes

technology involved in genetic engineering

a protein that recognizes specific sequences in a DNA molecule and cuts it into pieces

the single-stranded end of a double-ended DNA fragment that can form base pairs with another sticky end of a DNA fragment cut by the same enzyme

a carrier used to clone a gene and transfer it from one organism to another

a single ring of extrachromosomal DNA in a bacteria

a protein hormone that lowers the blood glucose level that can be made by transgenic bacteria

a DNA segment that has been manipulated (inserted, deleted, or replaced a gene)

a host organism that has received recombinant DNA

a pattern of bands made up of specific fragments from an individual's DNA

restriction fragment length polymorphism; the method for preparing a DNA fingerprint

technique used to separate nucleic acids or proteins by size and charge

technique used to quickly make many copies of selected segments of DNA

temporary sequence of RNA required for the initiation of DNA synthesis

An international collaborative effort to map and sequence the DNA of the entire human genome.

treatment of a genetic disorder by introducing a healthy gene into a cell

use of computer databases to organize and analyze biological data

the study of environmental influences on gene expression that occur without a DNA change (like manipulating histone proteins or RNA instead)

Body cells that have been genetically altered such that they become pluripotent (reverted back into stem cells)

a gene-editing technique from a bacterial system that can be used either to produce a mutation in a specific gene or to correct a mutation (it cuts a target gene and replaces it with a "good" gene)

process of wrapping DNA around stirring rod to further analyze it after extraction

process of taking DNA out of cells

the process of determining the precise order of nucleotides within a DNA molecule

the study of morality with issues related to DNA technology

An organism that is genetically identical to the organism from which it was produced

number of base pairs in the human genome

number of genes in the human genome

number of chromosomes in a human body cell

the process of cutting DNA (removing introns and reconnecting exons in a pre-mRNA)

An example of a restriction enzyme that cuts DNA or RNA

crops that carry new traits that have been inserted through advanced genetic engineering methods

a form of artificial production in which the branch of one plant is inserted into the stem of another plant (not GM)

Breeding organisms with specific traits in order to produce offspring with identical traits (not GM)

the turning on and off of genes

a group of genes that operate together for gene regulation; ex. the lac _________

short DNA region, next to the promoter of a prokaryotic operon, that either binds to a repressor or allows transcription to happen

binds to an operator and physically blocks RNA polymerase from binding to a promoter site and doing transcription

the genetic system that controls the metabolism of lactose in bacteria

region of DNA that indicates to RNA polymerase where to start transcribing a protein

protein balls which DNA is tightly coiled around in chromatin

all of an organism's genetic material