The three cell types that make up the juxtaglomerular apparatus
macula densa, JG cells, messangal cells
The direction of net water movement between fluid compartment during exercise dehydration
ICF to ECF
The sources of fluid intake
Food, water, metabollic water
The substance the kidney releases in response to a decrease in blood pressure
Renin
Which of the following stimuli and under what condition they will
inhibit the thirst center:
a. Saliva
b. Stomach
c.
Blood osmolarity
d. Blood pressure
Increased blood osmolarity
The effect of a drop in blood osmolarity on ADH release
decreases ADH release
From a list of hormones, select the ones that increase fluid output
ADH, ANP(Atrial Natriuretic Peptide)
Whether aldosterone, by causing the kidneys to decrease urine output,
will increase blood
volume and pressure
true
Whether an electrolyte is a molecule that does not dissociate in solution.
false
Based on its dissociation into a bicarbonate ion and hydrogen ion,
would carbonic acid be
considered an electrolyte or nonelectrolyte
electrolyte(weak)
Whether electrolytes exert a greater osmotic pressure than nonelectrolytes.
true
From a list of chemicals, select the one that will exert the greatest osmotic pressure
its the one that will dissociate more
From a list of chemicals, select all that are major electrolytes in body fluids.
sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate, calcium, magnesium, and phosphate.
Whether most potassium in the body is found in the intracellular
fluid is due to the sodium-
potassium pump
true
The most abundant anion in the extracellular fluid
chloride Cl-
Whether a patient who secretes too much antidiuretic hormone may be
in danger of low
blood pressure
false
The effect of Antidiuretic hormone release on water reabsorption in the kidneys
water reabsorption
The effects of aldosterone on blood volume, blood pressure, plasma sodium levels
An Increase
Would a patient who secretes too much atrial natriuretic peptide
(ANP) be in danger of low or
high blood pressure.
low
Whether Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) stimulates the kidneys to
retain sodium, and whether
aldosterone stimulates the kidneys to
eliminate more sodium in the urine
false
Whether in the phosphate buffering system, a strong acid is buffered
to produce a weak
base
false(weak acid)
The most important chemical buffering system in the extracellular fluid
bicarbonate
In the bicarbonate buffering system, carbonic acid buffers a strong base into what product
bicarbonate ions (HCO₃⁻) and water (H₂O)
The concentration of Na+ is highest in what fluid compartment
ECF
How is sodium concentration gradient across the cell membrane is maintained?
Na/K Pump
If Na+ concentration in the ECF increases due to dehydration, then
what would be the
tonicity of ECF compared to that of ICF
hypertonic
The hormones that increases K+ secretion into the urine
aldosterone
The phosphate buffering system is found in what fluid compartment
ICF
The organ system(s) involved in urine formation
urinary system
The type of nephron involved in urine concentration
juxtamedullary nephron
The most abundant type of nephron in the kidneys
Cortical nephrons
62. The body fluid tonicity classification of ICF vs ECF on basis of difference in osmolality
Istomic but different in solute composition
The collecting tube permeability to water movement under no ADH release.
Impermeable
The unique property of the glomerulus as a capillary bed in
comparison to other capillary
beds in the body
location (btw two arteries rather than a venulues filtration is great)
The different pressures involved in blood filtration in the kidneys,
and the one that results in
filtration
Glomerular Hydrostatic Pressure (GHP)
Capsular Hydrostatic Pressure (CHP
Blood Colloid Osmotic Pressure (BCOP)