NPTE PEAT Study Questions Flashcards

A patient who has an acquired brain injury is physically combative with caregivers and has episodes of pulling out lines and tubes. During therapy sessions, the patient is inattentive and often makes up stories that are not true. Which of the following levels of cognitive functioning is MOST consistent with these behaviors?

1.Automatic-appropriate

2.Confused-appropriate

3.Confused-agitated

4.Confused-inappropriate

A physical therapist assistant collects data on a patient's sharp-dull sensation. Two days later, the assistant retests the patient's sharp-dull sensation. Which of the following terms BEST describes the reliability of these measurements?

1.Parallel forms reliability

2.Internal consistency reliability

3.Interrater reliability

4.Intrarater reliability

Patellofemoral joint compressive forces are GREATEST during which of the following exercises/activities?

1.Climbing stairs

2.Quadriceps sets

3.Full squat

4.Terminal knee extension

Which of the following interventions would be MOST appropriate for a patient who has lymphedema?

1.Vigorous exercise

2.Use of a compression garment

3.Deep heat modalities

4.Deep tissue massage

Which of the following shoe modifications is MOST appropriate for a patient who has limited dorsiflexion range of motion?

1.Heel flare

2.Metatarsal bar

3.Heel wedge

4.Rocker sole

The plan of care for a patient who has a history of falls includes anticipatory postural control activities. Which of the following interventions is MOST appropriate to include?

1.Standing in a tandem position with the eyes closed

2.Rotating the trunk while standing on moving surfaces

3.Increasing degree of sway while in a standing position on one leg

4.Reaching in all directions to grasp objects while in a standing position

A 16-year-old patient reports developing pain in the shoulders after a 3-year history of athletic competitions that required repetitive use of the arm in a movement pattern of lateral (external) rotation and horizontal abduction. Which of the following impairments is MOST consistent with the patient's mechanism of injury?

1.Weakness of the deltoid muscle

2.Anterior glenohumeral joint instability

3.Anterior glenohumeral joint hypomobility

4.Weakness of the latissimus dorsi muscle

A patient who had a right posterolateral total hip arthroplasty 2 months ago has a goal of being able to rise from a chair without upper extremity use. Which of the following progressions for the exercise shown in the photograph would BESTachieve the desired outcome?

1.Adding extension of the left knee

2.Adding extension of the right knee

3.Adding hip adduction by squeezing a ball

4.Adding hip abduction using a resistance band

During a lower extremity manual muscle test, a patient is on a table in supine position and is instructed to move the lower extremity out to the side. The physical therapist is MOST likely testing which of the following muscles?

1.Gracilis

2.Obturator externus

3.Gluteus medius

4.Pectineus

Which of the following protective equipment should be donned before assisting with the transfer of a patient for whom droplet precautions have been ordered?

1.Gown

2.Face mask

3.Gloves

4.N-95 respirator

The altered joint alignment of the patient's left knee shown in the photograph is MOST likely to be associated with which of the following disorders?

1.Patellofemoral syndrome

2.Osteochondritis

3.Osgood-Schlatter disease

4.Plica syndrome

Which of the following is MOST likely to cause a balance impairment?

1.A lesion to the anterior pituitary gland

2.A 15° structural scoliosis

3.Absent sensation in the L₅ and S₁ dermatomes

4.An injury to the long thoracic nerve

Which of the following ultrasound parameters are the BEST choice for treatment of acute lateral epicondylalgia using an intensity of 1.0 W/cm²?

1.Continuous ultrasound, 1 MHz frequency

2.Continuous ultrasound, 3 MHz frequency

3.Pulsed ultrasound, 1 MHz frequency

4.Pulsed ultrasound, 3 MHz frequency

Which of the following exercises is MOST appropriate to strengthen the abdominal muscles of a patient who has osteoporosis?

1.Trunk flexion in sitting position

2.Curl-ups from hooklying position

3.Posterior pelvic tilt in supine position

4.Diagonal curl-ups from hooklying position

Which of the following intervention goals is MOST appropriate for a patient who has thoracic outlet syndrome?

1.To strengthen the levator scapulae and the rhomboids

2.To strengthen the rhomboids and lengthen the scalenes

3.To lengthen the middle trapezius and to strengthen the pectoralis major

4.To lengthen the pectoralis major and to strengthen the sternocleidomastoid

A patient has bruising of the upper extremities, a "moon-face" appearance, redness of the face, a protruding abdomen, and hypertension. The patient MOST likely has which of the following conditions?

1.Hyperpituitarism

2.Addison disease

3.Cushing disease

4.Hypoparathyroidism

Which of the following measurement tools provides the BEST indicator of functional ability for a patient who has chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?

1.Berg Balance Test

2.6-Minute Walk Test

3.Timed Up and Go Test

4.Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment

A patient has a transfemoral prosthesis in which the knee friction is inadequate. Which of the following gait deviations is the patient MOST likely to exhibit?

1.Uneven step length

2.Abduction in stance phase

3.Terminal impact in late swing phase

4.Lateral trunk bending in stance phase

A patient reports leg pain with walking that is relieved with rest. Which of the following systems is the MOST likely source of this condition?

1.Venous

2.Arterial

3.Integumentary

4.Lymphatic

A physical therapist assistant is instructed to avoid positions or activities that will reinforce a child's asymmetric tonic neck reflex to the right. The assistant should AVOID turning the child's head to the right because this will result in:

1.flexion of the right arm and extension of the left arm.

2.segmental rotation of the trunk to follow the head.

3.extension of the right arm and flexion of the left arm.

4.flexion of the arms and extension of the legs.

Which of the following conditions is LEAST likely to be associated with pregnancy?

1.Diastasis recti

2.Hyperreflexic bladder

3.Varicose veins

4.Carpal tunnel syndrome

A patient has a disc herniation that is compressing the L₄ nerve root and affecting nerve conduction. Which of the following results in testing of deep tendon reflexes is MOST likely to be associated with the patient's condition?

1.1+ Achilles

2.4+ Achilles

3.1+ patellar

4.4+ patellar

Which of the following patient positions isolates hip and trunk control?

1.Standing

2.Quadruped

3.Modified plantigrade

4.Kneeling

To perform postural drainage to the superior segment of the left lower lobe of a patient's lungs, the patient should be in which of the following positions?

1.Prone position with pillows under the hips and the bed flat

2.Supine position with pillows under the knees and the bed flat

3.Right sidelying position with pillows behind the back and the foot of the bed elevated

4.Right sidelying position with pillows under the abdomen and the head of the bed elevated

Which of the following provides a noninvasive way for a physical therapist assistant to measure oxygen saturation in arterial blood?

1.Capillary refill

2.Arterial blood gases

3.Sphygmomanometer

4.Pulse oximeter

A physical therapist assistant enters a stairwell while at work and finds an individual lying unconscious in prone position on the floor. Which of the following actions should the assistant take FIRST?

1.Turn the victim over into supine position.

2.Activate the emergency response system.

3.Take the patient's pulse and observe the patient for respirations.

4.Obtain an automated external defibrillator.

A patient is performing a cardiovascular conditioning exercise and reports that the activity is "somewhat hard." This report BEST corresponds to which numeric score on the Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion Scale?

1.11/20

2.13/20

3.15/20

4.17/20

Which of the following clinical features should the physical therapist assistant expect to see in a patient with malabsorption syndrome?

1.Clonus

2.Hyperreflexia

3.Muscle atrophy

4.Pseudohypertrophy

A physical therapist assistant is performing knee flexion passive range of motion for a patient who had a total knee arthroplasty 4 weeks ago. The patient stops additional motion through verbal cues and muscle guarding. Which of the following end-feels is MOST likely to be present?

1.Hard

2.Soft

3.Firm

4.Empty

After sustaining a cerebrovascular accident, a patient appears restless and impatient and has poor awareness of the impairments. The patient MOST likely has a lesion in which of the following areas?

1.Left cerebellum

2.Left cerebral hemisphere

3.Right cerebellum

4.Right cerebral hemisphere

The balance strategy demonstrated in the photograph is MOST likely to occur with which of the following conditions?

1.A small disturbance in the center of mass

2.A large disturbance in the center of mass

3.A lateral disturbance in the center of mass

4.A large disturbance on a narrow surface

A patient who had a rotator cuff repair 4 weeks ago reports pain with passive shoulder range of motion in all planes and has a capsular end-feel. Ecchymosis and swelling along the proximal arm is resolving. The patient is MOST likely in which phase of healing?

1.Acute

2.Subacute

3.Maturation

4.Remodeling

Which of the following statements BEST describes the cervical spine position of the patient in the photograph?

1.Lower cervical spine flexion with upper craniocervical flexion

2.Lower cervical spine flexion with upper craniocervical extension

3.Lower cervical spine extension with upper craniocervical flexion

4.Lower cervical spine extension with upper craniocervical extension

Which of the following interventions is MOST appropriate to reduce the risks associated with bed rest for a patient who has a documented lower extremity deep vein thrombosis and has reached therapeutic levels of the prescribed anticoagulant?

1.Frequent ambulation

2.Mechanical compression

3.Active range of motion in sitting position

4.Lower extremity strengthening exercises

Which of the following muscles is MOSTdirectly strengthened by the exercise being performed in the photograph?

1.Teres major

2.Supraspinatus

3.Subscapularis

4.Infraspinatus

Which of the following activities would be CONTRAINDICATED for a patient who had a myocardial infarction 3 days ago?

1.Isometric exercises of the lower extremities

2.Exercises that increase the heart rate 10 to 20 bpm

3.Active range of motion exercises of the lower extremities

4.Exercises at the level of 2 metabolic equivalents (METs)

A patient's recent spirometry shows a forced expiratory volume in 1 second/forced vital capacity (FEV₁/FVC) ratio of 60%. Which of the following conditions is the MOST likely cause of this spirometry result?

1.Asthma

2.Tuberculosis

3.Radiation fibrosis

4.Sarcoidosis

Which of the following interventions would MOST likely correct the problem demonstrated in the video?

1.Increase the tripod stance

2.Increase the height of the crutches

3.Decrease the tripod stance

4.Decrease the height of the crutches

Urge incontinence is BEST characterized by which of the following descriptions?

1.Loss of urine that coincides with increases in intraabdominal pressure

2.Unexpected and uncontrolled loss of urine

3.Constant leaking of urine from an overdistended bladder

4.Difficulty reaching a toilet in time due to joint or muscle dysfunction

Which of the following comorbidities is MOST likely to be associated with obesity?

1.Hyperinsulinemia

2.Hypotension

3.Bradycardia

4.Cold intolerance

Which of the following hip passive accessory glides is MOST likely to improve the passive motion depicted in the photograph?

1.Inferior

2.Lateral

3.Anterior

4.Posterior

of the following conditions is MOST likely to result in the posture shown in the photograph?

1.Ulnar nerve palsy

2.Radial nerve palsy

3.Carpal tunnel syndrome

4.Thoracic outlet syndrome

Setting: Outpatient
Sex: Female
Age: 36 years
Presenting Problem / Current Condition

• De Quervain tenosynovitis

Past Medical History

• 32 weeks pregnant

Other Information

• Patient is the primary caregiver for her two children ages 2 and 4 years old
• Right hand dominant

Physical Therapy Examination(s)

• Right thumb/wrist pain 6/10 with mild swelling present
  • Increased when picking up children or using thumb (1^st digit)
  • Relieved with rest
• Active range of motion
  • Wrist flexion: 80° on right, 88° on left
• Strength test results

LeftRightWrist flexorsNormal (5/5)Normal (5/5)Wrist extensorsNormal (5/5)Normal (5/5)Wrist radial deviatorsNormal (5/5)Fair (3/5)Wrist ulnar deviatorsNormal (5/5)Normal (5/5)Thumb flexorsNormal (5/5)Good (4/5)Thumb extensorsNormal (5/5)Good (4/5)Thumb abductors Normal (5/5)Fair (3/5)Grip dynamometer30 lb (13.6 kg)36 lb (16.3 kg)Key pinch grip18 lb (8.2 kg)10 lb (4.5 kg)Physical Therapy Plan of Care

• Modalities
• Therapeutic exercises
• Therapeutic activities
• Manual therapy
• Neuromuscular reeducation

Which of the following structures is PRIMARILY affected by the patient's condition?

1.Adductor pollicis

2.Extensor pollicis brevis

3.Abductor pollicis brevis

4.Flexor pollicis brevis

SCENARIO:

Which of the following modalities would be MOST appropriate for the patient?

1.Paraffin bath

2.Continuous ultrasound

3.Ice massage

4.Interferential current electrical stimulation

Which of the following orthotic devices would be MOST appropriate for the patient?

1.Radial thumb spica splint

2.Elbow elastic compression sleeve

3.Interphalangeal joint stabilization splint

4.Cock-up wrist-hand orthosis

Which of the following activities would be MOST effective to achieve a metabolic equivalent (MET) level of 8 METs?

1.Gardening that includes weeding

2.Completing light housework, such as sweeping

3.Jogging on level ground at 5 miles/hour (8 km/hour)

4.Walking on a level treadmill at 4 miles/hour (6.4 km/hour)

A patient reports experiencing urinary incontinence when performing the activity shown in the photographs. Which of the following interventions should the patient perform to decrease urinary incontinence?

1.Relaxation techniques prior to and during this activity

2.Isometric setting of the pelvic diaphragm prior to and during this activity

3.The Valsalva maneuver prior to and after this activity

4.Isometric setting of the urogenital diaphragm prior to and after this activity

A patient demonstrates difficulty with alternating movements of the upper extremity that worsens with increasing speed of the movements. Which of the following conditions does the patient MOST likely have?

1.Anosognosia

2.Dysdiadochokinesia

3.Agraphia

4.Dysmetria

Which of the following types of compression wrap is MOST appropriate to use for a patient who has lymphedema?

1.Elastic gauze

2.Self-adherent wrap

3.Long-stretch bandage

4.Short-stretch bandage

A patient with a total knee replacement (TKR) who has a 30° knee extension lag should perform strengthening exercises for which muscle?

1.Sartorius

2.Semimembranosus

3.Iliopsoas

4.Quadriceps femoris

Which of the following muscles is the patient MOST likely strengthening in the video?

1.Shoulder extensors, shoulder medial (internal) rotators, forearm pronators

2.Shoulder extensors, shoulder lateral (external) rotators, forearm pronators

3.Shoulder flexors, shoulder medial (internal) rotators, forearm supinators

4.Shoulder flexors, shoulder lateral (external) rotators, forearm supinators

Which of the following exercises would be MOST beneficial for a patient who has a transtibial amputation?

1.Hip abduction in seated position

2.Hip adduction in standing position

3.Hip and knee extension in prone position

4.Hip and knee flexion in supine position

A patient who has a T₅ complete spinal cord injury (ASIA Impairment Scale A) has a Stage 2 pressure injury on the right ischial tuberosity. Which of the following interventions is MOST important for a physical therapist assistant to perform FIRST?

1.Obtain an air-fluidized bed for the patient.

2.Teach the patient pressure relief techniques.

3.Order the patient a wheelchair that has a reclining back.

4.Obtain a pressure-relieving wheelchair cushion for the patient.

A patient is instructed to keep the eyes level, tuck the chin, and draw the head backward. Based on the instructions provided, which of the following motions are occurring in the cervical spine?

1.Upper cervical flexion, lower cervical flexion

2.Upper cervical flexion, lower cervical extension

3.Upper cervical extension, lower cervical flexion

4.Upper cervical extension, lower cervical extension

A patient who weighs 120 lb (54 kg) is receiving mechanical lumbar traction for the first time to decrease paraspinal muscle spasms. Which of the following traction forces is MOST appropriate?

1.10 lb (5 kg)

2.30 lb (14 kg)

3.45 lb (20 kg)

4.60 lb (27 kg)

When writing a note after treatment, which of the following guidelines is MOSTappropriate?

1.Focus on information that is relevant to the effectiveness of treatment and to changes in the patient's abilities.

2.Be brief and concise, and use abbreviations as often as possible.

3.Avoid documentation that refers to mistakes made during treatment.

4.Use a narrative format for improved structure.

A patient who has gastroesophageal reflux disease recently ate a meal. Which of the following activities is likely to EXACERBATE the patient's condition?

1.Hip abductor exercises in left sidelying position

2.Dynamic balance activities in standing position

3.Core strengthening in sitting position

4.Trunk curl-ups in supine position

The Timed Up and Go Test is used to measure which of the following functions?

1.Balance during mobility

2.Unsupported dynamic standing balance

3.Ability to avoid obstacles and navigate in crowded spaces

4.Ability to perform tasks of increasing difficulty from seated to bipedal stance

Which of the following behavioral deficits would be MOST consistent with a cerebrovascular accident affecting the left hemisphere?

1.Inability to self-correct

2.Denial of disability

3.Poor judgement

4.Excessive caution

Which of the following factors should be assessed prior to the application of interferential electrical stimulation?

1.Reflexes

2.Range of motion

3.Myotome

4.Sensation

Which of the following drugs has BOTH analgesic and antithrombotic effects?

1.Warfarin (Coumadin)

2.Acetaminophen (Tylenol)

3.Acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin)

4.Oxycodone/acetaminophen (Percocet)

Which of the following phrases BEST describes serosanguineous drainage of a wound?

1.Clear, shiny exudate

2.Red, bloody exudate

3.Pinkish-red exudate

4.Yellow, slightly thick exudate

The Ober Test is used to assess which of the following structures?

1.Iliopsoas

2.Hamstrings

3.Tensor fasciae latae

4.Rectus femoris

A patient who is performing aquatic exercises increases the speed of the movements. Which of the following properties of water will MOST affect this change?

1.Viscosity

2.Buoyancy

3.Hydrostatic pressure

4.Surface tension

A patient's wound has drained through the dressings to the sheet and treatment table beneath. Which of the following statements BEST describes proper aseptic technique after treating the patient?

1.Discard the sheets in the bin for dirty laundry, and clean the treatment table with antibacterial soap and water.

2.Discard the sheets in the bin for dirty laundry, and clean the treatment table with hydrogen peroxide.

3.Discard the sheets in the bin for biohazard laundry, and clean the treatment table with rubbing alcohol.

4.Discard the sheets in the bin for biohazard laundry, and clean the treatment table with a chlorine solution.

Which of the following physiological effects involving the pulmonary system DECREASES during exercise?

1.Mucus transport

2.Airflow resistance

3.Tissue oxygen extraction

4.Minute ventilation

Which muscles on the left side would be shortened the MOST as a result of the habitual posture shown in the illustration?

1.Sternocleidomastoid

2.Levator scapulae

3.Suboccipital muscles

4.Scalenes

Which of the following findings is MOST easily interpreted from an electrocardiogram (ECG) output graph?

1.Type of angina experienced during exercise

2.Status of the heart valves during the cardiac cycle

3.Effect of sympathetic nervous system stimulation on the heart

4.Pressure and volume relationships during ventricular contraction

A newborn demonstrates excessive ankle dorsiflexion, a laterally curved forefoot, and hindfoot valgus. Which of the following positional deformities BEST describes this clinical presentation?

1.Varus deformity

2.Clubfoot deformity

3.Everted foot deformity

4.Calcaneovalgus deformity

Following carpal tunnel release surgery, which of the following interventions is part of an appropriate plan of care during the recovery phase of reinnervation?

1.Splinting of the hand to prevent wrist drop

2.Strengthening exercises for the interossei

3.Strengthening exercises for the abductor pollicis longus

4.Rubbing gently with cotton on the medial thenar eminence

When monitoring the vital signs of a patient who is taking a beta-blocker, which of the following effects would MOST likely be observed during exercise?

1.Lower than normal increase in heart rate

2.Lower than normal increase in respiratory rate

3.Higher than normal increase in blood pressure

4.Higher than normal decrease in oxygen saturation

The right lower extremity of the patient in the photograph exhibits a deviation that is consistent with impairment of which of the following nerves?

1.Tibial

2.Medial plantar

3.Deep fibular (peroneal)

4.Superficial fibular (peroneal)

A patient who sustained a spinal cord injury 2 weeks ago experiences a sudden loss of range of motion of hip flexion. Findings include a hard end-feel, pain at end range, and erythema and tenderness around the hip. Which of the following conditions is MOST consistent with the patient's signs and symptoms?

1.Hip fracture

2.Osteosarcoma

3.Heterotopic ossification

4.Avascular necrosis

A patient has 85° of active left knee flexion. Which of the following functional activities should cause the patient the MOST difficulty?

1.Walking on level surfaces

2.Ascending an 8-inch (20.3-cm) step with the left leg leading

3.Sitting in a chair

4.Descending an 8-inch (20.3-cm) step with the left leg leading

For a patient who has a balance deficit due to decreased proprioception in the lower extremities, which of the following environmental modifications is MOST likely to reduce the risk of falling in the home?

1.Replacing ceramic tile flooring with high pile carpet

2.Obtaining a motorized elevating chair

3.Using contrast tape to highlight steps

4.Installing lower wattage light bulbs

When applying ice massage, what is the final sensory response that indicates an effective treatment?

1.Burning

2.Intense cold

3.Numbness

4.Aching

The anterior drawer test of the ankle is used to test the integrity of which of the following structures?

1.Achilles tendon

2.Anterior tibialis tendon

3.Deltoid ligament

4.Anterior talofibular ligament

The exercise in the photograph can be used to increase which of the following pairs of LEFTshoulder motions?

1.Lateral (external) rotation and flexion

2.Lateral (external) rotation and extension

3.Medial (internal) rotation and flexion

4.Medial (internal) rotation and extension

A patient who has exophthalmos is MOST likely to also have which of the following symptoms?

1.Tachycardia

2.Bradycardia

3.Weak pulse

4.Bounding pulse

A patient consistently loses balance posteriorly when standing on foam. To improve the patient's balance, the strength of which of the following muscles should be addressed?

1.Tibialis anterior and quadriceps

2.Gastrocnemius and quadriceps

3.Tibialis anterior and hamstrings

4.Gastrocnemius and hamstrings

The patient in the photograph is practicing sit-to-stand transfers. After confirming that the wheelchair is locked, what is the NEXT verbal cue that the physical therapist assistant should provide?

1.Lean forward as you push to stand.

2.Slide forward to the edge of the seat.

3.Place your left hand on the handle of the quad cane.

4.Remove the armrests and replace them in reverse position.

A patient who has a transfemoral prosthesis that is too short is MOST likely to exhibit which of the following gait deviations?

1.Circumduction during the swing phase of the prosthetic limb

2.Vaulting of the nonprosthetic limb during the swing phase of the prosthetic limb

3.Lateral trunk bend over the prosthetic limb during the midstance phase of the prosthetic limb

4.Abducted gait pattern that is wider than 2 inches (5 cm) at the midstance phase of the prosthetic limb

A patient who has lymphedema in bilateral lower extremities reports increased pain, swelling, and red streaking in the right lower extremity. The patient's symptoms are MOST likely caused by which of the following changes?

1.Exacerbation of lymphedema

2.Onset of lymphangitis

3.Onset of lipedema

4.Exacerbation of lymphoma

The patient in the photograph should be reminded of which of the following body mechanics principles?

1.Perform activities within physical capacity.

2.Push or pull an object rather than lifting it.

3.Maintain vertical gravity line within base of support.

4.Use shorter lever arms to lift an object.

Which of the following heart valves prevent backflow of blood into the ventricles during the diastolic phase?

1.Mitral and tricuspid

2.Pulmonary and tricuspid

3.Mitral and aortic

4.Pulmonary and aortic

A patient exhibits calcaneal valgus. Which of the following conditions is MOST likely to also be present?

1.Achilles tendinitis

2.Tibialis anterior tendinitis

3.Tibialis posterior tendinitis

4.Fibular (peroneal) tendinitis

A patient who performed several sessions of high-intensity exercise over the past 2 weeks has rope-like trigger points that are severely painful to touch and cause local and referred pain. The patient MOST likely has which of the following conditions?

1.Myositis ossificans

2.Myofascial compartment syndrome

3.Inflammatory myopathy

4.Myofascial pain syndrome

Setting: Inpatient rehabilitation facility
Sex: Male
Age: 70 years
Presenting Problem / Current Condition

• Left hemiplegia
• Left foot drop

Medical History

• Left-sided heart failure
• Right cerebrovascular accident 2 weeks ago
• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Other Information

• Left-handed
• Lives in a one-story home with his spouse
• Medications: warfarin (Coumadin), albuterol (Ventolin); 2 liters oxygen via nasal cannula

Physical Therapy Examination(s)

• Vital signs: blood pressure 130/85 mmHg, heart rate 85 bpm, respiration rate 20 breaths/minute, oxygen saturation 91%
• Strength
  • Right upper extremity throughout Good (4/5)
  • Left upper extremity throughout Fair (3/5)
  • Right hip, knee, and ankle Good (4/5)
  • Left hip and knee Fair (3/5)
  • Left ankle Poor (2/5)
• Bed mobility with moderate assistance
• Transfer from bed to wheelchair with moderate assistance
• Static sitting balance at edge of bed: Fair
• Ambulation: with front-wheeled walker; 5 feet (1.5 m) with moderate assistance for balance and to advance the left lower extremity

Physical Therapy Plan of Care

• Patient education
• Bed mobility
• Transfer training
• Therapeutic exercise
• Therapeutic activity
• Neuromuscular reeducation

A physical therapist assistant should monitor for which of the following signs or symptoms?

1.Dyspnea

2.Peripheral edema

3.Jaundice

4.Venous stasis ulcer

Which of the following orthotic devices would be MOST appropriate for the patient to use to improve gait?

1.Solid ankle-foot orthosis

2.Bichannel adjustable ankle locks

3.Ankle-foot orthosis hinged with an anterior stop

4.Ankle-foot orthosis hinged with a posterior stop

Which of the following interventions is BEST to improve long-term ventilation for the patient?

1.Strengthening the diaphragm muscle

2.Teaching the patient to inhale through the lips and exhale through the nose

3.Teaching the patient to take a quick, deep breath

4.Strengthening the accessory muscles of respiration

The video demonstrates the MOST appropriate testing position for which of the following strength grades?

1.Poor (2/5)

2.Fair (3/5)

3.Good (4/5)

4.Normal (5/5)

In an 18-month-old child, impaired ability to transition from supine to sitting position is MOST associated with which of the following obligatory reflexes?

1.Landau

2.Tonic labyrinthine

3.Symmetric tonic neck

4.Asymmetrical tonic neck

A patient who demonstrates decreased lung sounds, an increased anteroposterior chest diameter, and a decreased excursion of the diaphragm would MOST likely have a diagnosis of:

1.pneumonia.

2.emphysema.

3.pleural effusion.

4.pulmonary embolism.

A patient has a burn injury that appears bright pink with intact blisters and is extremely painful. This presentation is MOST consistent with which of the following burn classifications?

1.Superficial partial-thickness

2.Deep partial-thickness

3.Full-thickness

4.Subdermal

A patient performing quadriceps sets exhibits greater knee extension range of motion in supine than in long-sitting position. The MOST likely reason for this finding is tightness in the:

1.gastrocnemius.

2.iliopsoas.

3.gluteus maximus.

4.hamstrings.

A patient closes both eyes and correctly identifies an object placed in the hand. Which of the following functions is being tested?

1.Diadochokinesia

2.Stereognosis

3.Proprioception

4.Graphesthesia

Which of the following peripheral nerves is being stretched by the patient in the photograph?

1.Median

2.Radial

3.Axillary

4.Ulnar

A patient who has atherosclerosis in the lower extremities reports lower extremity pain that is worse at night. Which of the following sleeping positions would be BESTfor the patient?

1.Supine position with the foot of the bed elevated

2.Supine position with the legs lower than the head

3.Supine position with the bed flat and a pillow under the knees

4.Left sidelying position with a pillow between the knees

A patient who had rotator cuff surgery 3 months ago cannot fully flex the shoulder. Which of the following muscles should be strengthened to allow for full shoulder flexion?

1.Rhomboids

2.Levator scapulae

3.Pectoralis minor

4.Serratus anterior

Which of the following wheelchair features would be MOST appropriate for a patient who wants to participate in sports?

1.Taller backrest

2.Raised seat height

3.Swing-away leg rests

4.Canted (angled) rear wheels

A physical therapist assistant is educating a patient on how to log roll for bed mobility. Which of the following procedures is BEST to ensure motor learning in the patient?

1.Demonstration by the assistant, followed by performance by the patient during the therapeutic session

2.Demonstration by the assistant, followed by the patient's verbal recitation of the steps of the log roll during the therapeutic session

3.Demonstration by the assistant and performance by the patient during the therapeutic session, followed by performance by the patient during the next session

4.Verbal explanation by the assistant and performance by the patient during the therapeutic session, followed by a verbal recall test during the next session

A patient falls forward onto an outstretched upper extremity and reports pain and swelling in the elbow and forearm. The patient has a deformity of the elbow and refuses to move the extremity. The patient MOST likely has which of the following injuries?

1.Olecranon fracture

2.Distal radius fracture

3.Radioulnar joint dislocation

4.Humeroulnar joint dislocation

The test shown in the photograph is MOST likely performed to ascertain which of the following pieces of information?

1.Strength of the hamstrings

2.Integrity of the muscle spindle of the hamstrings

3.Strength of the quadriceps

4.Integrity of the muscle spindle of the quadriceps

A physical therapist assistant is treating an athlete who sustained a right ankle inversion sprain injury 2 months ago. There is limited range of motion. Which of the following ultrasound parameters is MOST appropriate for the patient?

1.Pulsed ultrasound at 1 MHz

2.Continuous ultrasound at 1 MHz

3.Pulsed ultrasound at 3 MHz

4.Continuous ultrasound at 3 MHz

A patient has diabetic retinopathy. Which of the following types of exercise should the patient AVOID?

1.Isometrics

2.Stretching

3.Low-intensity aerobics

4.Moderate resistive strengthening

A patient who had a traumatic brain injury reports seeing flashing lights and begins to demonstrate muscle twitching that progresses to convulsions. Which of the following courses of action is MOST appropriate?

1.Restrain the patient to prevent self injury.

2.Position the patient's tongue to prevent biting.

3.Begin rescue breathing after 30 seconds of apnea.

4.Turn the patient's head to the side after the convulsions stop.

Which bony prominence is MOST likely to sustain injury from pressure in a patient on bed rest in the supine position?

1.Sacrum

2.Superior angle of the scapula

3.Posterior superior iliac spine

4.Ischial tuberosity

A physical therapist assistant is documenting the changes in a patient's edematous hand. Use of which of the following tools allows the MOST accurate measurement of the observed changes?

1.Photographic assessment

2.Tape measure

3.Skin calipers

4.Volumeter

A physical therapist assistant is reviewing a patient's test results prior to initiating exercise as part of the plan of care. Which of the following test results would be MOST useful to confirm whether the patient has osteoporosis?

1.Radiograph

2.Body mass index (BMI)

3.Complete blood count (CBC)

4.Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan

A patient has a shoulder subluxation in the first weeks following a cerebrovascular accident. To enhance motor return, which of the following treatments would be MOST beneficial?

1.Upper extremity sling

2.Constraint-induced therapy

3.Functional electrical stimulation

4.Passive range of motion exercises

Which of the following options would maximize intervention effectiveness when treating a patient who has a brain injury and is highly distractible?

1.Open environment

2.Closed environment

3.Random order practice

4.Part practice

Kegel exercises would BEST address the primary impairment related to which of the following types of incontinence?

1.Urge

2.Stress

3.Functional

4.Overflow

A patient is in the terminal phase of lung cancer. The patient's family refuses to allow a physical therapist assistant into the patient's room. What action should the assistant take?

1.Call the physician for guidance.

2.Say goodbye to the patient and then leave.

3.Offer words of support to the family and then leave.

4.Remind the family that treatment has been prescribed by the physician.

The sensitivity of a test is BEST described by which of the following terms?

1.True positive rate

2.True negative rate

3.False positive rate

4.False negative rate

A patient's medical record indicates that the patient has a Syme amputation. Which of the following options BEST describes this type of amputation?

1.Removal of the foot at the ankle

2.Removal of the leg midway through the tibia

3.Removal of the leg by removing half of the pelvis

4.Removal of the leg at the knee joint with the femur left intact

A patient exhibits a positive Trendelenburg sign in left stance phase. Which of the following muscles is MOST likely weak?

1.Left gluteus medius

2.Right gluteus medius

3.Left gluteus maximus

4.Right gluteus maximus

Which of the following integumentary conditions is MOST likely present in a patient who reports having itchy skin?

1.Nevi

2.Warts

3.Pruritus

4.Rosacea

If the heart rate of a patient 3 days post two-vessel bypass surgery increases from 60 bpm to 90 bpm during endurance exercises, the physical therapist assistant should:

1.let the patient rest for 3 minutes and then take the pulse.

2.let the patient rest for 3 minutes and then resume exercise.

3.call the physician.

4.call the supervising physical therapist.

Which of the following recommendations is MOST important for a patient who is taking beta-blockers?

1.Inspect skin routinely.

2.Change positions slowly.

3.Monitor heart rate during exercise.

4.Avoid bumping into objects with the extremities.

A patient who exhibits rigidity, a forward flexed thoracic posture, and shuffling gait pattern is MOST likely to have damage to which of the following structures of the brain?

1.Basal ganglia

2.Flocculonodular lobe

3.Primary motor cortex

4.Mesencephalic region

Which of the following muscles or groups of muscles is MOST strongly activated during coughing?

1.Diaphragm

2.Sternocleidomastoids

3.Abdominals

4.Scalenes

ient who has cardiomyopathy reports light-headedness during treatment. The physical therapist assistant observes the rhythm shown in the photograph. Which of the following responses is MOST appropriate for the assistant?

1.Recognize that a medical emergency is occurring; activate the emergency medical response system.

2.Recognize that a medical emergency is occurring and contact the physical therapist to report the clinical finding.

3.Recognize that there is no medical emergency; proceed with interventions and continue to monitor the patient.

4.Recognize that there is no medical emergency but contact the physical therapist before proceeding with interventions.

Repetitive, large amplitude movements of the extremities would be MOST beneficial for a patient who has which of the following conditions?

1.Spinal cord injury

2.Multiple sclerosis

3.Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

4.Parkinson disease

Testing skin sensation for hyperalgesia and observing a patient for signs of impaired circulation in the extremities would be MOST appropriate for a patient who has which of the following conditions?

1.De Quervain disease

2.Ankylosing spondylitis

3.Complex regional pain syndrome

4.Systemic lupus erythematosus

Which of the following clinical manifestations is MOST likely to occur in a patient who has right-sided heart failure?

1.Cough

2.Dyspnea

3.Pitting edema

4.Pulmonary edema

A patient who is 3 days postpartum has a three-fingers' width subcutaneous separation distal to the umbilicus. This description is MOST likely associated with which of the following conditions?

1.Cystocele

2.Diastasis recti

3.Wound dehiscence

4.Abdominal herniation

Which of the following symptoms is MOST consistent with carpal tunnel syndrome?

1.Pain that is worse in the morning

2.Paresthesia on the dorsum of the hand

3.Increased pain in the hand with repetitive use

4.Decreased strength of the wrist extensor muscles

A patient has degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis with bilateral radicular pain. Which of the following interventions would be MOST appropriate?

1.Hamstring and rectus abdominis stretches

2.Hip flexor and lumbar paraspinal stretches

3.Rectus femoris and lumbar extension stretches

4.Bilateral knee-to-chest and anterior pelvic tilt exercises

Which of the following statements BEST describes an advantage of performing open-chain exercises rather than closed-chain exercises?

1.Open-chain exercise simulates more functional movement patterns.

2.Open-chain exercise promotes cocontraction of synergistic muscles.

3.Open-chain exercise allows for isolated contraction of a specific muscle.

4.Open-chain exercise allows for enhanced stabilization through joint approximation.

The orthosis shown in the photograph is MOST appropriate for a patient who has which of the following conditions?

1.Scoliosis

2.L₄–L₅ fusion

3.Sternum fracture

4.T₈ compression fracture

Which of the following values BEST represents the appropriate rating of perceived exertion for a patient to achieve 70% of the maximum heart rate?

1.7/20

2.9/20

3.13/20

4.17/20

The exercise shown in the photograph is MOST likely used to stretch which of the following muscles?

1.Pectoralis major, anterior deltoid, biceps, and coracobrachialis

2.Posterior deltoid, latissimus dorsi, teres major, teres minor, and triceps

3.Pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, anterior deltoid, and coracobrachialis

4.Posterior deltoid, infraspinatus, teres minor, rhomboids, and middle trapezius

Which of the following conditions is MOST likely contributing to the patient's lower extremity malalignment?

1.Chronological age

2.Developmental delay

3.Presence of hypotonia

4.Increased clumsiness

Which of the following symptoms is MOST likely to occur during gait training on the treadmill?

1.Spasticity

2.Hindfoot varus

3.Slowed breathing

4.High-pitched wheezes

Strengthening which of the following muscles groups would be BEST to normalize alignment and gait?

1.Knee flexors

2.Knee extensors

3.Hip lateral (external) rotators

4.Hip medial (internal) rotators

Which of the following activities is MOST appropriate for a patient who has osteoporosis?

1.Aquatic exercise in deep water

2.Standing wall slides with hand weights

3.Aerobic exercise on a stationary bicycle

4.Lower extremity resistance exercises in supine position

Which of the following interventions is MOST effective for a patient who has Parkinson disease?

1.Use of footprints on the floor for visual cues during gait training

2.Ballistic stretching exercises for the lower extremities

3.Manual perturbations during standing balance activities

4.Trunk flexion exercises to strengthen postural musculature

A patient's ability to safely scan an environment when walking is MOST likely to be affected by injury to which of the following nerves?

1.Olfactory (CN I)

2.Trochlear (CN IV)

3.Trigeminal (CN V)

4.Facial (CN VII)

The exercise shown in the photograph would be MOST appropriate for a patient who has which of the following conditions of the lumbar spine?

1.Scoliosis

2.Herniated disc

3.Spinal stenosis

4.Spondylolisthesis

If a football player's semiflexed weight-bearing knee is subjected to a severe stress that forces the knee into a valgus position, which ligament will MOST likely be injured?

1.Posterior cruciate

2.Talofibular

3.Medial collateral

4.Lateral collateral

During gait training with a patient, a physical therapist assistant notices the change in the electrocardiogram shown in the photograph. Which of the following actions should the assistant take?

1.Continue treatment.

2.Contact the physical therapist immediately.

3.Contact the physician.

4.Activate the emergency medical system.

A patient has been immobilized in a knee extension brace due to a patellar fracture for the past 2 weeks. The patient has no significant medical history. When sitting up, the patient exhibits acute dyspnea, tachycardia, and a decrease in oxygen saturation levels. Which of the following conditions is MOST likely causing the symptoms?

1.Bacterial pneumonia

2.Pulmonary embolism

3.Orthostatic hypotension

4.Emphysema

Which of the following techniques is MOST appropriate for assessing muscle tone in the gastrocnemius muscle?

1.Fingertip stroking of the lateral plantar surface of the foot

2.Quick stretching of the ankle into plantar flexion

3.Tapping on a slightly stretched tibialis anterior tendon

4.Tapping on a slightly stretched Achilles tendon

Which of the following tests is being performed in the photograph?

1.Speed Test

2.Drop Arm Test

3.Hawkins-Kennedy Test

4.Yergason Test

For transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, the larger the electrode, the:

1.lower the current density.

2.higher the pulse rate.

3.higher the current density.

4.lower the pulse rate.

A patient has numbness in the area highlighted in the photograph. Which of the following nerves is MOST likely compromised?

1.Ulnar

2.Radial

3.Median

4.Musculocutaneous

A patient has a lateral curvature of the thoracic spine with a rib hump noted on the right when the patient is in standing position. The rib hump disappears during forward bending of the trunk. Which of the following conditions is MOST likely present?

1.Structural left thoracic scoliosis

2.Structural right thoracic scoliosis

3.Functional left thoracic scoliosis

4.Functional right thoracic scoliosis

A patient is unable to maintain the position shown in the photograph with any manual resistance. Which of the following manual muscle testing results should be documented?

1.Fair (3/5) strength of the upper trapezius

2.Fair (3/5) strength of the lower trapezius

3.Poor (2/5) strength of the lower trapezius

4.Poor (2/5) strength of the upper trapezius

A patient who has lymphedema also has pitting edema that responds well to elevation. Which of the following stages of lymphedema is MOST likely present?

1.Stage 0

2.Stage 1

3.Stage 2

4.Stage 3

A physical therapist assistant uses biofeedback during exercise for a patient who has quadriceps weakness. Which of the following options is the correct rationale for this treatment?

1.Biofeedback is able to facilitate the quadriceps muscle through microcurrent.

2.Exercise with biofeedback stimulates the patient's quadriceps to fire appropriately.

3.Biofeedback allows the patient to recognize when the quadriceps muscle is firing.

4.Muscle coordination can be achieved through the use of biofeedback.

A patient is confused and has a fever and neck stiffness. Upon passive neck flexion, the patient's hips and knees flex. The patient MOST likely has which of the following conditions?

1.Encephalitis

2.Brain abscess

3.Bacterial meningitis

4.Herpes simplex virus

Which of the following results is the BEST indicator of a ruptured Achilles tendon when squeezing a patient's posterior lower leg?

1.Dorsiflexion

2.Plantar flexion

3.No foot motion

4.Pain in the posterior lower leg

When assisting a patient who has paraplegia to complete a transfer using a transfer board from a wheelchair to a mat, which of the following instructions would be MOST appropriate?

1.Lean in the direction of the mat.

2.Place the transfer board against the back of your knees.

3.Place your hands posterior to the hips in preparation for scooting.

4.Move your buttocks forward in the chair prior to positioning the transfer board.

A patient who has a pressure injury on a heel develops localized swelling, erythema, tenderness, and warmth at the wound's periphery. Which of the following conditions is MOST likely present?

1.Helicobacter pylori infection

2.Lymphadenitis

3.Psoriasis

4.Cellulitis

Which of the following positions would be BEST for diaphragmatic strengthening exercises?

1.Sitting

2.Sidelying

3.Semireclined

4.Standing

A physical therapist assistant is instructing a patient in a home exercise program. The patient repeatedly demonstrates aggressive behavior toward the assistant. Which of the following actions is most appropriate for the assistant to take FIRST?

1.Confront the patient regarding the unacceptable behavior.

2.Make an empathetic statement regarding the patient's situation.

3.Point out the flaws in the patient's reaction to the situation.

4.Leave the room and document that the patient was unable to learn due to the aggressive behavior.

Which of the following signs is MOST likely to result from upper airway obstruction and narrowing of the glottis or trachea?

1.Stridor sounds

2.Crackles (rales) sounds

3.Frequent sighs

4.Louder sounds at the apices

A patient who is 29 weeks pregnant is performing lumbar stabilization exercises. What is the MAXIMUM amount of time that the patient may safely remain in supine position?

1.5 minutes

2.15 minutes

3.25 minutes

4.35 minutes

Which of the following clinical signs and symptoms are MOST likely to be observed in a patient with hypersecretion of antidiuretic hormone?

1.Decreased urine output, seizures, and muscle cramps

2.Bony enlargement, hypertension, and amenorrhea

3.Darkened pigmentation of the skin, hypotension, and hypoglycemia

4.Muscle wasting, easy bruising, and slow wound healing

A patient who had a cerebrovascular accident has right hemiplegia. Which of the following positioning strategies is MOST likely to reduce malalignment of the right upper extremity while the patient is lying on the left side?

1.Scapula retracted, elbow flexed, wrist neutral, fingers extended, and thumb (1^stdigit) adducted

2.Scapula retracted, elbow extended, wrist neutral, fingers extended, and thumb (1^st digit) adducted

3.Scapula protracted, elbow flexed, wrist neutral, fingers extended, and thumb (1^stdigit) abducted

4.Scapula protracted, elbow extended, wrist neutral, fingers extended, and thumb (1^st digit) abducted

A patient had a triple arthrodesis of the ankle 12 weeks ago. The patient would MOST likely experience the GREATEST difficulty performing which of the following functional activities?

1.Walking on uneven terrain

2.Transitioning from sitting in a chair to standing position

3.Walking in a figure-eight pattern

4.Stepping down from a curb leading with the operated ankle

Which of the following breathing techniques is MOST appropriate for a patient who has lower extremity lymphedema?

1.Pursed-lip

2.Lateral costal

3.Diaphragmatic

4.Glossopharyngeal

Which of the following orthoses would be MOST appropriate for a patient who had a cerebrovascular accident and has a weak tibialis anterior and genu recurvatum?

1.Knee-ankle-foot orthosis

2.Posterior leaf-spring orthosis

3.Stirrup (double-upright) orthosis with an anterior stop

4.Ankle-foot orthosis with a posterior stop

Which of the following conditions is MOST likely to cause malnutrition in a patient?

1.Dysphagia

2.Dyspepsia

3.Dysmetria

4.Dysdiadochokinesia

A patient reports bilateral hand pain at rest and swelling of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints. These findings are MOST consistent with which of the following conditions?

1.Osteoarthritis

2.Septic arthritis

3.Gonococcal arthritis

4.Rheumatoid arthritis

Which of the following therapeutic exercises would MOST effectively reduce an excessive anterior tilt of the pelvis?

1.Strengthening the lower abdominal muscles and stretching the hamstrings

2.Strengthening the low back extensor muscles and stretching the hamstrings

3.Strengthening the lower abdominal muscles and stretching the hip flexor muscles

4.Strengthening the low back extensor muscles and stretching the hip flexor muscles

Spinal stabilization exercises are designed to specifically target which of the following muscles?

1.External oblique and internal oblique

2.Rectus abdominis and external oblique

3.Transversus abdominis and multifidus

4.Quadratus lumborum and internal oblique

For a patient who sustained a deep partial-thickness burn to the ventral aspect of the elbow, which of the following elbow positions would be BEST?

1.Extension and supination

2.Flexion and supination

3.Extension and pronation

4.Flexion and pronation

Which of the following ergonomic corrections is MOST appropriate to improve the workstation of the individual in the photograph?

1.Lower the chair.

2.Push the chair farther from the desk.

3.Obtain an adjustable stand for the monitor.

4.Angle the key board to alter the position of the wrist and hands.

Which of the following interventions is MOST appropriate for self-correction of the dysfunction shown in the video?

1.Perform the activity in front of a mirror.

2.Show the patient a video of the corrected movement.

3.Apply a patellofemoral brace to improve patellar tracking.

4.Provide written instructions about the corrected movement.

Which of the following types of isolation precaution is BEST for a patient who has methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)?

1.Airborne

2.Droplet

3.Contact

4.Airborne plus contact

Which of the following vital sign measurements is the SAFEST blood pressure response to exercise?

1.Increase in systolic blood pressure of 10 mm Hg

2.Increase in diastolic blood pressure of 20 mm Hg

3.Increase in diastolic blood pressure of 30 mm Hg

4.Increase in systolic blood pressure of 40 mm Hg

Which of the following techniques is being demonstrated in the photograph?

1.Ulnar nerve glide

2.Median nerve glide

3.Radiocarpal dorsal glide

4.Carpometacarpal volar (palmar) glide

Which of the following muscle tone characteristics is typical for a child who has Down syndrome?

1.Rigidity

2.Athetosis

3.Hypotonia

4.Hypertonia

A patient who has non-weight-bearing status on the right lower extremity is descending stairs with crutches. Where should a physical therapist assistant be positioned to MOST effectively guard the patient?

1.In front of the patient with both feet on the step below the patient

2.In front of the patient with one foot on the step with the patient and one foot on the step below

3.Directly beside the patient on the right side with both feet on the step with the patient

4.Directly beside the patient on the left side with both feet on the step with the patient

A physical therapist assistant employed in an intermediate care facility is asked by the facility administrator to initiate treatment on a newly admitted resident being transferred from an inpatient rehabilitation hospital. The physical therapist is not available. Which of the following actions is MOST appropriate for the assistant to take?

1.Proceed with the plan of care established by the physical therapist at the facility from which the patient was transferred.

2.Explain that a physical therapist must evaluate the patient first, and offer to assist in locating an available therapist.

3.Proceed with some gentle therapeutic exercises, but do not bill for the session.

4.Discuss the options with the patient and the family, and proceed according to their requests.

Which muscle is MOST lengthened during hip flexion in long sitting while maintaining neutral spine position?

1.Iliopsoas

2.Hamstrings

3.Tensor fasciae latae

4.Iliocostalis lumborum

Which of the following facilitation techniques would be MOST appropriate to improve the patient's gait?

1.Hip flexion, knee flexion, ankle dorsiflexion with rhythmic initiation

2.Hip flexion, knee flexion, ankle dorsiflexion with alternating isometrics

3.Hip extension, knee extension, ankle plantar flexion with rhythmic initiation

4.Hip extension, knee extension, ankle plantar flexion with alternating isometrics

After five repetitions of performing sit-to-stand transfers, the patient reports mild lower extremity fatigue. The physical therapist assistant should take which of the following actions?

1.Discontinue the activity and return the patient to bed.

2.Stop the activity and allow the patient a seated rest break.

3.Perform five more repetitions and then allow the patient a seated rest break.

4.Allow the patient to sit and perform five seated knee extensions.

A physical therapist assistant notes that the patient is repetitively clearing his throat during bridging exercises. The assistant should take which of the following actions?

1.Stop the activity and sit the patient upright.

2.Stop the activity and let the patient rest in supine position.

3.Give the patient a drink of water and continue with the activity.

4.Suction the patient and continue with the activity.