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rarefaction
the area where particles are farthest apart (the opposite of compression)
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compression
the area where particles are closest together
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pitch
how high or low a sound is, determined by the frequency of sound waves
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volume
How loud or quiet a sound is, determined by the amplitude of sound waves
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amplitude
the height of the wave from its resting point to its peak (or crest), or from its resting point to its trough
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frequency
the number of wave cycles (or crests/troughs) that pass a certain point in one second, measured in Hertz (Hz)
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reflection
The bouncing back of a wave when it hits a surface
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refraction
The bending of a wave as it passes from one medium to another
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diffraction
The bending of waves around obstacles or through openings