ch 16 Flashcards

Innate immunity
involves T cells and B cells.
is slower than adaptive immunity in responding to pathogens.
involves a memory component.
is nonspecific and present at birth.
provides increased susceptibility to disease.

All of the following protect the skin and mucous membranes from infection EXCEPT
tears.
HCl.
saliva.
the "ciliary escalator."
multiple layers of cells.

The function of the "ciliary escalator" is to
propel inhaled dust and microorganisms away from the mouth, toward the lower respiratory tract.
trap inhaled dust and microorganisms in mucus and propel it away from the lower respiratory tract.
remove microorganisms from the gastrointestinal tract.
trap microorganisms in mucus in the upper respiratory tract.
remove microorganisms from the lower respiratory tract.

Which of the following exhibits the highest phagocytic activity?
erythrocytes
macrophages
basophils
neutrophils
eosinophils

TLRs attach to all of the following EXCEPT
PAMPs.
peptidoglycan.
LPS.
flagellin.
AMPs.

A differential cell count is used to determine each of the following EXCEPT
leukopenia.
the number of red blood cells.
leukocytosis.
the total number of white blood cells.
the numbers of each type of white blood cell.

The complement protein cascade is the same for the classical pathway, alternative pathway, and lectin pathway after the point in the cascade where the activation of ________ takes place.
C1
C2
C3
C5
C6

All of the following increase blood vessel permeability EXCEPT
histamine.
lysozymes.
leukotrienes.
prostaglandins.
kinins.

A child falls and suffers a deep cut on her leg. The cut went through her skin and she is bleeding. Which of the following defense mechanisms will participate in eliminating contaminating microbes?

Margination refers to

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Which of the following is found normally in serum?

Each of the following is an effect of complement activation EXCEPT

Which of the following is an effect of opsonization?

Normal microbiota provide protection from infection in each of the following ways EXCEPT

Each of the following provides protection from phagocytic digestion EXCEPT

The antimicrobial effects of AMPs include all of the following EXCEPT

The swelling associated with inflammation decreases when the fluid

Which of the following statements about fixed macrophages is FALSE?

Phagocytes utilize all of the following to optimize interaction with (getting to and getting hold of) microorganisms EXCEPT

All of the following are effects of histamine EXCEPT

All of the following are effects of kinins EXCEPT

a chill is a sign that

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Which of the following is mismatched?

All of the following are part of the mechanism of action of alpha and beta interferons EXCEPT

The alternative pathway for complement activation is initiated by

The classical pathway for complement activation is initiated by

Activation of C3a results in

Neutrophils with defective lysosomes are unable to

Innate immunity includes all of the following EXCEPT

After ingesting a pathogen, lysosomal enzymes produce all of the following EXCEPT

Activation of C5-C9 results in

All of the following are true regarding NK cells EXCEPT

Which of the following is involved in resistance to parasitic helminths?

Macrophages arise from which of the following?

All of the following pertain to fever EXCEPT that it

All of the following are iron-binding proteins found in humans EXCEPT

All of the following occur during inflammation. What is the first step?

The lectin pathway for complement action is initiated by

All of the following are components of the inflammatory process EXCEPT

Several inherited deficiencies in the complement system occur in humans. Which of the following would be the MOST severe?

Which of the following statements about the classical pathway of complement activation is FALSE?

lysozyme and the antibiotic penicillin have similar mechanisms of action in that they both cause damage to the bacterial

Which non-specific defense mechanism is mismatched with its associated body structure or body fluid?

Leukotrienes are inflammatory vasoactive mediators produced by

Which one of the following compounds intensifies the effects of histamine and helps phagocytes migrate through capillary walls?

Chronic inflammation can result in a(n) ________, which can cause impairment of normal tissue function.

Death results if body temperature rises above

Which one of the following is a regulatory protein that prevents the assembly of C9 molecules in the complement cascade, effectively shutting down MAC production?