Particulate matter that can cause lung irritation
Soot
Protective gas in the stratosphere but causes oxidative leaf damage in the troposphere
O3
A gas that is formed during coal combustion
SO2
Spilled gasoline can increase the level of this pollutant
Hydrocarbons
Dust, pollen, or soot that can irritate eyes and sinuses
Particulate matter
Microscopic fibers that can increase lung cancer risk
asbestos
Colorless gas that can lead to asphyxiation
carbon monoxide
Odorless gas formed by nuclear decay or uranium
radon
Responsible for establishing the six air quality criteria pollutants
clean air act
International agreement to reduce greenhouse gas emissions during the 21st century
kyoto protocol
International agreement to remove CFC's from manufacture in order to reduce their atmospheric levels
montreal protocol
Which option correctly classifies both a primary air pollutant and s secondary air pollutant?
option a
Two main components that are the driving force between the formation of secondary pollutants from primary pollutants include
sunlight and water
Which of these best describes the author's claim in the article?
Multiple sources of indoor air pollutants can exist in common workspaces.
Which of these is the most likely method to reduce mold as an indoor air pollutant?
Remove flooring that stays damp for prolonged periods of time.
If an individual has asthma, an underlying condition affecting the respiratory system, which of these could exacerbate the underlying condition?
Working in an older office building with formaldehyde and VOCs in the furnishings.
The level of lead as a pollutant over fifteen years is shown in the graph below. What measure most likely occurred and is indicated by the arrow that explains the trend in the graph?
The use of lead in gasoline and other fuels became regulated through the Clean Air Act in 1977.
Using the graph above, calculate the percent change in lead in the atmosphere between 1977 and 1990.
90% decrease
Air pollution can come from both natural and anthropogenic sources. Which pairing accurately describes a natural and an anthropogenic source of particulate matter?
B
Examine the model for photochemical smog formation. Which pollutant is most likely found in highest amounts during morning rush hour traffic?
Nitric oxides
The layer of the atmosphere that is most directly impacted by photochemical smog is the
troposphere
A cloudy day would likely decrease the production of which atmospheric component of air pollution?
Ozone
Assuming the graph here is shown for the first day of summer for an area, predict how the graph would change on the first day of winter for the same area.
Oxidant levels, like ozone, would decrease since its formation is the result of photo oxidation
What is the most likely explanation for the timing of the peak for the NOx air pollutants shown in the graph?
increased motor vehicle traffic
Which of the following best describes the impact of using wet scrubber technology?
Reduction of SO, and particulates emitted from smokestacks
Acid deposition affects certain areas of a country more than others due to
decreased limestone in the underlying sediment to neutralize the acid.
Which of the air pollutants shown in the graph can have impacts that are more or less severe dependent on
PM- particulate matter
Based on the previous graph, lead has had a significant decline in levels over the last few decades. Which of these scenarios is most likely responsible for the reduction in lead as an atmospheric and aquatic pollutant?
removal of lead as a gasoline additive
What is the most likely source of VOCs as an indoor air pollutant?
plywood and wall paint
Which of the following would most likely reduce the level of carbon monoxide gas as an indoor air pollutant?
Ventilate of the fireplace, wood stove, and garage
What claim is best supported by the data in the graph?
Noise pollution in Stockholm has been increasing from 1997-2007.
What is the most likely impact of the noise pollution in this area?
Disruption of migration and mating of marine mammals
What is the most likely cause of the phenomenon shown here?
A thermal inversion causes a layer of warm air to trap cooler air below.
Based on the image from the previous question, what environmental challenge could result from phenomenon?
Smog is trapped at the ground level, causing human respiratory illness.
Which statement is best supported by the data in the graph above?
The particulate matter concentration exceeds the ambient air quality standard in Beijing.
What is the percent change in particulate matter in Beijing from 2000 to 2010?
25% decrease
Electrostatic precipitators are most likely to be used as technology to reduce particulate matter from which of
industrial exhaust
A resident notes that the soil surrounding their home is becoming more acidic over time. The home is located adjacent to an urban area where a coal-fired power plant provides the electricity for the community. What is the best mitigation that the resident can take to increase the soil pH in their yard?
Incorporating lime into the soil of the affected area
Which of the following is most likely to increase particulate matter and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?
Volcanic eruptions and forest fires
Sulfur dioxide can lead to an increase in industrial smog and acid deposition. Which of these technologies would best reduce the sulfur dioxide levels in the atmosphere?
wet scrubbers
The reaction above illustrates which concept the best?
Ozone is a secondary pollutant.
Where is acid precipitation most commonly found?
downwind of industrial emissions
Which of the following natural events would be most likely to contribute to the air pollution in a region?
volcanic eruption
Which of the following pollutants shown in the graph is likely to be emitted from natural trees as their organic molecules evaporate to become part of the atmospheric gases?
VOC
Which combination of atmospheric pollutants can also be classified as indoor air pollutants?
VOCs and CO
Catalytic converters are installed in engines as a manner to fully combust gasoline fuel in the presence of oxygen to prevent the partial combustion. Which air pollutant is significantly reduced by the use of catalytic converters and complete combustion?
CO
Because these pollutants form from the direct combustion of fossil fuels, which of these correctly describes these air pollutants?
they are primary pollutants
What can be inferred about the areas with the poorest air quality indices?
They have a high level of coal and fuel combustion and a large population density.
Where are the majority of cities with the worst air pollution located?
India and China
The total population of the U.S. was approximately 300,000,000 people in 2008. In 2008, about what percent of the U.S. population lived in counties where PM, levels exceeded the NAAQS?
8.6%