Exam 2 BICH: TCA CYCLE Flashcards

TCA cycle is a central pathway for___ ____ from several metabolic pathways when acetyl CoA can be generated

Acetyl CoA is oxidized in the TCA cycle, where intermediates are

Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplam and doesnt require energy. Meanwhile, the TCA cycle occurs in the

The TCA cycle allows for the oxidation of pyruvate to CO₂ under_____conditions, and yields about ______ATP

Do the electrons from glucose oxidation feed into the electron transport pathway, driving synthesis of ATP?

What is Acetyl CoA oxidized to?

Electrons stored as NADH and FADH2 are delivered to a________ to the
final electron acceptor O2.

Electron transfer is coupled
to a proton gradient across the membrane to drive the
synthesis of ATP in a process known as____

How many electrons are removed when a complete oxidation of glucose to CO₂ occurs?

How many total electrons are in PDHC?

How many total electrons are in TCA cycle?

These electrons are stored as ___ and ___ used to fuel oxidative phosphorylation.

Flavin coenzymes can exist in three oxidation states

The three oxidation states allows for flavin coenzymes to participate in

Catalyze many reactions in biological systems and work with many electron donors and acceptors

FADH₂ can transfer either __ or __ e^- at a time

FADH, FAD, FADH₂ are made form the vitamin

What structure is this?

What structure is this?

What is the source of acetyl CoA?

The reaction that converts pyruvate to acetyl CoA is catalyzed by the

permeable to anything smaller than 5 kD

permeable only to O₂, H₂O, and CO₂

How does pyruvate make its way into the mitochondrial matrix?

From pyruvate to Acetyl CoA:

What is the function of CoA?

What is the reaction of a pyruvate DH complex?

What three enzymes is pyruvate dehydrogenase made of?

What are the 5 cofactors of pyruvate dehydrogenase?

Pyruvate conversion to Acetly CoA

What is the purpose of TPP cofactor?

What is the purpose of lipoic acid?

Arsenic poisoning is a toxic compound that binds to

The inactivation of lipoamide-containing compounds such as pyruvate dehydrogenase and alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase__-

Arsenic compounds are more toxic to______ and was used to treat ___,___,___

TPP( vitamin B1/thiamine) deficiency results in

TPP being used in pyruvate DH

In pyruvate decarboxylase, hydrooxyethyl-TPP is

In pyruvate DH reaction, hydroxyethyl-TPP transfers H₃C-(C=O)- to_____ and ____occurs producing dihydrolipoate

T or F: Humans can make lipoic acid (it is a vitamin)

The nucleophilic attack by CoA at carbonyl carbon results in transfer of acetyl group to CoA generating

When the acetyl group is transferred to CoA, FAD and NAD⁺ are used to

E2 is a proper

PDHC mechanism

KNOW THIS TABLE

Thiamine is a vitamin in B1 and can be found in

Lipoic acid is made from fatty acid precursors in animals and can be found in

CoA biosynthesis requires cysteine pantothenate and ATP and is

FAD/FMN is synthesized from_____ and can be found in_____-

NAD⁺ biosynthesized from____, but relies on salvage pathways that use______

A long lasting drop or rise of ΔΨmvs normal levels may

ΔΨmvs drives inward transport of____ and outward transport of _____

ΔΨmvs is an important factor in selection of

1. Entry of new carbon units into the TCA cycle is from pyruvate or oxidation of fatty acids

2. Transfer of the 2-C acetyl CoA to 4C OAA yields citrate

3. A dehydration-rearrangement yields isocitrate

4. two successive decarboxylation produce alpha-KG and then succinyl CoA

5. Multiple rearrangements to regenerate OAA

reaction where 2C unit of acetyl CoA is introduced into the TCA cycle by addition to the 4C unit OAA to from citrate

The Cα of the acetyl group in acetyl-CoA is acidic and can be deprotonated to form a

The carbanion is a strong ______that can attack the α-carbonyl of ______

Due to citrates poor oxidation, the enzyme___ catalyzes an isomerization reaction

Aconitase uses an_____ to achieve stereospecificity

Is a hydride removal followed by a decarboxylation and is a link to the electron transport pathway because it makes NADH

Isocitrate dehydrogenase produces the 1st NADH and the CO₂ released came from the

α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase catalyzes the_________of the TCA cycle

Enzyme is nearly identical to pyruvate dehydrogenase and the 2nd NADH is produced

Uses 5 coenzymes: TPP, CoASH, lipoic acid, NAD⁺, and FAD

α-Ketoglutarate dehydrogenase is a very __, _____ reaction

The 60 subunits are made up of:

Harvest "high energy" thioester bond to make GTP. Since succinate is symmetric, we can no longer distinguish which carbons came from acetyl coA

It is considered to be the substrate-level phosphorylation

During Succinyl-CoA synthetase the mechanism involves formation of a ________to produce_____

A____is made after succinyl-CoA synthetase

It is near equilibrium. DH->FADH₂ rather than NADH

(Δℰ^o‘= ℰ^o‘ (acceptor) - ℰ^o‘(donor))

Reduction potential

Practice this math question

Succinate dehydrogenase contains three types of Fe-S centers:

Succinate DH involves hydride removal by ____. This enzyme is part of the electron transport pathways in the inner _____

The electrons transferred from succinate to FAD(to form FADH₂) are passed to____in electron transport pathway

Fumarase converts fumarate->malate by

Fumarase causes the

Malate DH _____malate-> OAA

The carbon that gets oxidized received an OH group in the previous reaction. Is NAD⁺-dependent oxidation

The carbon atoms of Acetyl-CoA have diff. fates

Electrons stored as NADH and FADH₂ are delivered to a membrane associated ETC to the final electron acceptor O₂. Electron transfer is coupled to a proton gradient across the membrane to drive the synthesis of ATP in a process known as