All statements are true about a resting membrane potential EXCEPT:
A neuron with a resting membrane potential contains more positive charges than outside.
Complete the blanks.
The sympathetic nervous system is a part of the ______________nervous system. It is a network of nerves that helps your body activate its ____________ response. Cranial nerves, somatic, and autonomic nervous system are all part of ____________ nervous system.
autonomic, fight-or-flight, peripheral
Complete the blanks:
Outside of the neuron, the microglial cells help to ____________and produce ________________.
clean-up debris, neurotrophic support.
The main functions of the temporal lobe are:
auditory processing, memory, and language comprehension
After an action potential, resting levels of ion concentrations are restored when:
The Na+/K+ pump moves sufficient numbers of Na+ out of the cell and K+ into the cell
Someone with brainstem damage would be expected to have all the functional impairments EXCEPT:
slowed relay of sexual hormones
A person's acetylcholine (ACh) receptors are impacted, and the ACh is not connecting to the ligand-gated membrane channels on the post-synaptic surface. Which of the following functional presentations would you most likely expect?
They report their arms get really tired when curling their entire head of hair with a curling iron.
The dendrites of a neuron receive three (3) signals from neighboring neurons.
Two (2) of the signals are inhibitory post-synaptic potentials and one (1) is an excitatory post-synaptic potentials.
Assuming that the magnitude of the signals are equal, what would be the resulting effect on the receiving neuron?
The sum of the post-synaptic potentials is negative, so the receiving neuron would hyperpolarize.
Which of the following would have the SLOWEST velocity of an action potential?
an unmyelinated neuron with a small diameter axon
Which one of the following statements is INCOREECT?
serotonin is important to inhibit the perception of pain.
Mary is working with you in an outpatient clinic. You notice she has difficulty identifying items in her pocket, despite typical (i.e., intact) light touch sensory testing?
What is the MOST LIKELY area of impairment in the nervous system?
Secondary sensory areas
Joe is seeing OT in outpatient therapy. He is struggling with slow movements and a mild hand tremor.
What is the MOST LIKELY structure impacting function?
Basal ganglia
A person is washing dishes. The water finally heats up and becomes very hot.
What pathway allows the person to quickly remove their hand from the hot water?
Spinothalamic
Your client has damage to the post-central gyrus. What is the MOST LIKELY functional impairment you'll see?
Poor light touch and vibration sensation
Your client has difficulty with typing and impaired sensation to the dorsal side of their hand (i.e., back of thumb, palm, and ring finger).
Which nerve are you MOST concerned has been impacted?
Radial
If someone has an impairment to the left precentral gyrus, what functional presentation would you most likely expect?
difficulty unlocking a door with a key in their dominant right hand
A drummer sustained a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) from a motor vehicle accident (MVA) and is now working with OT in an outpatient setting.
She reports that her strength, endurance, and tolerance for loud noises has improved when she's practicing playing the drums; however, she states that it's still difficult to get the timing of her drum beats in sync.
What area is MOST LIKELY impaired for this client currently?
cerebellum
A person's lateral spinal cord at C4 has been impacted by a stab wound on the right side. The injury is isolated only to the most lateral aspect of the right ventral horn.
Which functional impairment would you MOST LIKELY expect to see?
difficulty with finger movements on the right side
Someone with an upper motor neuron impairment would present with all of the following EXCEPT:
flaccidity
A person has a lesion on the right dorsal column of their spinal cord at C6.
What functional impairment would you MOST LIKELY expect to see with this individual?
difficulty feeling the keyboard bump on the "J" key with their right index finger
The _________ is a region of the brain that plays an important role in motor control. It may also be involved in some cognitive functions such as attention and language, and in regulating fear and pleasure responses, but its movement-related functions are the most solidly established.
The _________ does not initiate movement, but it contributes to coordination, precision, and accurate timing.
Cerebellum
You hit your leg on the coffee table, and feel a sharp pain in your shin.
Along which sensory pathway is this sensation MOST LIKELY carried?
Spinothalamic
Which of the following sites are MOST COMMON for development of a brachial nerve compression?
Scalene compression, Pectoralis minor compression, Subclavicular compression, Trapezius compression
All are true about the spine EXCEPT:
Dura mater separates all discs.
Which cranial nerve is MOST LIKELY to bring strong emotional reactions to certain stimuli and is a component of the limbic/emotions system?
Olfactory