1
CN I (1): Olfactory
- type: sensory
- function: smell
- connection to brain: inferior
2
CN II (2): Optic
- type: sensory
- function: functional vision
- connection to brain: diencephalon
3
CN III (3): Oculomotor
- type: sensory
- function: innervation of the muscles of the eye (extraocular mvt)+ pupillary reflexes (constrict/accommodate) (OPEN/CLOSE EYES)
- connection to brain: anterior midbrain
- pathway: medial longtidual fasciculus
4
CN IV (4): Trochlear
- type: motor (superior oblique)
- function: downward + lateral eye movements (down + towards nose)
- connection to brain: midbrain @inferiro colliculi
- pathway: medial longitudinal fasciculus
5
CN VI (6): Abducens
- type: motor (lateral rectus)
- function: outward lateral eye mvt (left2right)
- connection to brain: lower pons
- pathway: medial longitudinal fasciculus
6
Eye Movement Dysfunction: CN III (3)
- Ptosis
- Lateral deviation
- Impaired pupillary response
7
Eye Movement Dysfunction: CN IV (4)
- Difficulty with lateral movement
- Medial and vertical deviation
- can't look towards nose
8
Eye Movement Dysfunction: CN VI (6)
- Difficulty with lateral movement
- Medial deviation
9
CN V: Trigeminal (5)
- Type: mixed (sensory and motor)
- Function (sensory): sensation to face, head, inner oral cavity, and cornea
- function (motor): innervates masseter and temporalis muscle (CHEW FOOD)
- function (reflex): afferent limb of corneal blink reflex
- connection to brain: posterior to the midbrain
- pathway: depends on the branch (light touch, slow nociceptive, proprioceptive reflex)
10
CN VII: Facial (7)
- Type: mixed (sensory and motor)
- Function (sensory): taste receptons (2/3 tongue)
- function (motor): facial expressions, eyelid closing, stapedius muscle
- function (reflex): efferent limb of corneal blink reflex
- connection to brain: between pons and medulla
- pathway: depends on the branch
11
CN VIII: Vestibulochochlear (8)
- Type: sensory (2 branches)
- Function (auditory): information form cochlea for hearing
- function (motor): sensory info from semicircular canals
- function (reflex): afferents for vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR)
- connection to brain: between pons and medulla
- pathway: depends on the branch
12
CN IX: Glossopharyngeal (9)
- Type: mixed (sensory and motor)
- Function (sensory): taste receptors (1/3 tongue)
- function (motor): swallow (1 muscle in pharynx)
- function (reflex): afferents for gag+swallow reflex
- connection to brain: nucleus ambiguous (medulla)
- pathway: depends on the branch
13
CN X: Vagus (10)
- Type: 2 branches mixed (sensory and motor)
- Function (visceral: sensory): taste from palate and epiglottis
- function (visceral: motor): parasympathetic to heart, GI, and pulmonary systems
- function (reflex): efferent to pharynx. larynx, and esophagus
- connection to brain: nucleus ambiguous and dorsal nuclei (medulla)
- pathway: depends on the branch
14
CN XI: Accessory (11)
- Type: motor
- Function: efferents to sternocleidomastoid (shoulder+neck mvt)
- connection to brain: spinal cord (C1-5)
- pathway: medial longitudinal fasciculus
15
CN XII: Hypoglossal (12)
- Type: motor
- Function: muscles of larynx (elevation at swallowing), tongue mvt (eat, speak, swallow)
- connection to brain: nucleus ambiguous (joins CN X)
- pathway: medial longitudinal fasciculus