A&P 1 chapter 9 Flashcards

any place where adjacent bones or bone & cartilage come together (articulate with each other) to form a connection; A JOINT

1. structure of the joint
2. function of the joint

1. Fibrous joint
2. Cartilaginous joint
3. Synovial joint

based on whether the articulating surfaces of the adjacent bones are directly connected by fibrous connective tissue or cartilage, or whether the articulating surfaces contact each other within a fluid-filled joint cavity

between skull bones

bones are more widely separated; held together by ligament or interosseous membrane (ex. between radius & ulna)

joint of a tooth within its socket

adjacent bones are directly connected by fibrous connective tissue; they have no joint cavity

ex. suture joint, syndesmosis & gomphosis

the bones are joined by hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage

ex. synchondrosis & symphysis

bones are joined together by hyaline cartilage; 2 types:

• Temporary type- like at the epiphyseal plate
• Permanent type- like the ribs at the costochondral margins (costal cartilage is hyaline)

bones are joined by fibrocartilage; pubic symphysis or intervertebral disks

the articulating surfaces of the bones are not directly connected but instead come into contact with each other within a joint cavity the is filled with a lubricating fluid.

• they allow for free movement between the bones
• they are the most common joints in the body

determined by the amount of mobility found between the adjacent bones

3 functional types

1. Synarthrosis
2. Amphiarthrosis
3. Diarthrosis

immobile joint

• Suture joints
• Manubriosternal joint

slightly mobile joint

• Intervertebral disks
• Pubic symphysis

freely moveable joint

• include ALL synovial joints of the body
• provide the majority of body movement
• most are found in the appendicular skeleton

the fusion of 2 bones & the most common example is in the long bone when the Epiphysis (rounded bone end) fuses with the Diaphysis (shaft) upon closure of the epiphyseal plate after puberty (forming the epiphyseal line) between the bone

a fibrous connective tissue structure that is attached to each bone just outside the area of the bones articulating surface forming the walls of the joint cavity

a thin layer of hyaline cartilage that covers the entire articulating surface of each bone end (prevents friction between the bones)

a thin connective tissue membrane that lines the inner surface of the articular capsule whose cells secrete a lubricating fluid (synovial fluid)

a thick, slimy fluid that provides lubrication to further reduce friction between the bones of the joint

connects bone to bone

connects muscle to bone

a fibrocartilage structure located between the articulating bones that is small and oval shaped which acts to strongly unite the bones of the joint

a fibrocartilage structure located between the articulating bones that is large and C-shaped which provides shock absorption and cushioning between the bones

sac of thin connective tissue that is filled with lubricating fluid

similar in function to a bursa; it is a connective tissue sac (fluid filled) that surrounds a muscle tendon at places where the tendon crosses a joint

uniaxial: rotation around a single axis

uniaxial: bending or straightening in a single axis

biaxial: allows movement in 2 planes

biaxial joint

"multiaxial"

multiaxial

decrease joint angle

increase joint angle

movement away from midline

movement towards midline

the movement of a body region in a circular manner in which one end moves to "describe" a circle and the other stays relatively stationary (arm or leg "circles")

circular or twisting movement about the long axis of a bone or column of bones

lifting the toes up or "walking on heels"; action that lifts the front of the foot which results in the top of the foot moving towards the anterior leg

pointing the toes downward

movement of the forearm (rotation of the radius) that results in the radius and the ulna becoming parallel to one another and the palm facing forward (in anatomical position)

is in opposite direction to the supination and results in the radius crossing over the ulna in an "X-shape" position and the palm facing backward (out of anatomical position)

turning the plantar surface of the foot toward the midline

turning the plantar surface of the foot outward or away from the midline

is the thumb movement that brings the tip of the thumb in contact with the tip of a finger

the inflammation of a bursa near a joint

causes pain, swelling or tenderness of the surrounding area; may be acute or chronic

a common disorder of synovial joints that involves inflammation of the joint associated with aging and "wear and tear" of the articular cartilage

a form of arthritis, or inflammation of the synovial joint, that results from the deposition of uric acid crystals within the body joint; body is producing too much uric acid

(RA) an inflammation joint disease of autoimmune etiology wherein the immune system of the body attacks its own joints

the stretching or tearing of ligaments surrounding a joint

the stretching or tearing of tendon fibers

(Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation) common treatment technique

• located between temporal bone and mandible
• allows opening & closing of the mouth (hinge & gliding motions)
• TMJ disorder symptoms: clicking, uneven opening, headache, pain

• largest range of motion due to less support (but injuries are more common)
• rotator cuff muscles support the joint
• ball & socket joint

• carries the weight of the body; prone to osteoarthritis
• lots of strength & stability; deeper socket than shoulder
• ball & socket joint

• largest joint of the body
• vulnerable to hyperextension, twisting and side trauma
• hinge joint