A&P 1 chapter 6 Flashcards

1. supports the body
2. facilitates movement
3. protects internal organs
4. produces blood cells
5. stores & releases minerals & fat

Production of blood cells; occurs in red bone marrow

cylindrical in shape & longer than it is wide

ex. humerus, femur, metacarpals & metatarsals

cube like in shape & equal in length, width and thickness

ex. carpals & tarsals

thin bone that is sometimes curved

ex. scapulae, cranial (skull) bones, sternum & ribs

not an easily characterized shape

ex. vertebrae & many facial bones

shaped like a sesame seed

ex. patella & variable number in tendons

shaft of long bone

the proximal & distal ends of the bone

narrow area between the diaphysis and epiphysis at each end of the bone

hollow region in the diaphysis filed with yellow marrow

area of bone growth in length (growth plate) found in the metaphysis

visible line that remains after the epiphyseal plate stops growing in length after childhood

lining of the medullary cavity; site of bone growth & repair

a fibrous membrane that covers the outer surface of the bone; site of ligament & tendon attachment

thin layer of cartilage that reduces friction and acts as a shock absorber at the ends of the bones; made of hyaline cartilage

layer of spongy bone between the compact bone outer layers; found in the flat bones like those in the cranium

where 2 bones meet; knee joint

prominent rounded surface; head of femur or humerus

flat surface; vertebrae

rounded surface; occipital condyles

raised markings; spinous process of vertebrae

protruding, chin

prominent feature; transverse process, styloid process

sharp process; ischial spine, scapular spine

small, rounded process; greater and lesser on humerus

rough surface; deltoid tuberosity, radial tuberosity

slight elongated ridge

ridge, iliac crest

elongated basin, glenoid fossa

small pit; fovea capitis

groove

passage in bone; auditory canal

slit through bone

hole through bone; foramen magnum, in occipital bone

opening into canal; external auditory meatus

air filled space in bone; maxillary sinus (nasal)

most common type of bone cell; located in the lacunae and maintains bone tissue (a mature bone cell)

bone cell that forms new bone tissue/matrix (but not new bone cells)

only bone cells capable of mitosis: they divide & form osteoblast which secrete collagen & calcium to form bone tissue & then become osteocytes (stem cell)

responsible for breaking down bone tissue (reabsorbs bone)

structural unit of compact bone

long cylindrical cavity in the center of each osteon containing blood vessels, nerves & lymphatic vessels

smaller cylindrical cavities that carry the blood vessels, nerves & lymphatic vessels from the central canal out to the periosteum & endosteum

canals that connect the osteocytes in the lacunae to each other & also to the central canal

small spaces that each contain an osteocyte; found between the lamellae (or rings)

concentric rings of calcified matrix

lattice like network of matrix spikes that are arranged to provide maximum strength in spongy bone

type of bone; it doesn't have osteons but does have osteocytes in lacunae arranged in the trabeculae around open spaces filled with red marrow for hematopoiesis

dense type of bone made of osteons

blood cell production in red bone marrow

small opening in the diaphysis for the passage of blood vessels

1. Intramembranous Ossification

2. Endochondral Ossification

growth in the epiphyseal plate which leads to a growth in length for the bone

growth in the endosteum & periosteum so therefore results in growth in the width/diameter for the bone

resorption & laying down new bone during a bone's growth in childhood

resorption & laying down new bone as a result of injury, exercise or any change in strain on the bone

any broken bone

manipulation & the bone in its natural position without surgery

returning a bone to its natural position with use of surgery

new bone

old bone

occurs straight across the long axis of the bone

occurs at an angle that is not 90 degrees

bone segments are pulled apart as a result of a twisting motion

Several breaks result in many small pieces between two large segments

One fragment is driven into the other, usually as a result of compression

A partial fracture in which only one side of the bone is broken; commonly seen in children

a fracture in which at least one end of the broken bone tears through the skin; carries a high risk of infection

a fracture in which the skin remains intact

1. Hematoma forms (bruise)
2. Cartilage callus forms
3. Bony callus forms
4. Bone remodeling occurs

disease in patients over 40 years of age with abnormal remodeling of bone due to overactive osteoclasts which leads to weakened & abnormally shaped bones usually in the pelvis & lower extremities but can affect any bones

genetic disease causing brittle bones subject to frequent multiple fractures

decrease in bone mass that occurs with increased age resulting in vertebrae, femur & wrist fractures most commonly

abnormally low calcium levels in blood

abnormally high blood calcium levels

raises blood calcium levels by activating osteoclasts

lowers blood calcium by activating osteoblasts