What is translocation?
The movement of sugars (mainly sucrose) and other organic molecules through the phloem from source to sink.
What are the sources in translocation?
Source: Where sugars are produced (e.g., leaves).
What are the skins in translocation?
Sink: Where sugars are used or stored (e.g., roots, fruits, seeds).
What is the main transport tissue for translocation?
Phloem, which consists of sieve tube elements and companion cells.
How is translocation different from transpiration?
Translocation moves sugars both up and down in the plant, while transpiration moves water only upwards.
What is transpiration?
The process of water evaporation from leaves through stomata, driving water movement from roots to leaves.
What is the main transport tissue for transpiration?
Xylem, which carries water and minerals from roots to the rest of the plant.What factors affect transpiration rate?
What factors make transpiration rate higher?
High temperature, low humidity, wind, and more light.
What factors make transpiration rate lower?
High humidity, low temperature, and closed stomata.
Why is transpiration important?
Water transport, Cooling the plant, Nutrient distribution
What is the main function of a leaf?
The primary function of a leaf is photosynthesis, converting light energy into chemical energy (glucose).
What is the function of the cuticle?
A waxy layer that prevents excessive water loss and protects the leaf.
What are stomata, and what do they do?
Small pores in the epidermis that control gas exchange (CO₂ in, O₂ out) and water loss.
What is the role of the upper epidermis?
A transparent, protective layer that allows light to pass through while reducing water loss.
What is the palisade mesophyll?
A layer of tightly packed, chloroplast-rich cells where most photosynthesis occurs.
What is the spongy mesophyll?
A loosely packed layer with air spaces for gas exchange.
What is the function of veins in a leaf?
Xylem transports water & minerals, while phloem transports sugars made in photosynthesis.