Lens
Vital part of a camera. Light enters through the lens where the photo process begins. Can be fixed permanently or be interchangeable.
viewfinder
The area on the camera that you look through in order to compose your shot. Not intended as a preview of your photo, but rater a tool to aid you in taking it.
Mode dial
allows you to select different options, such as automatic mode, program mode, sport mode, and macro mode.
body
The main portion of the camera
Shutter release
The button on the camera that is used to snap the picture. It opens and closes the shutter, allowing the necessary light and information to enter the camera.
Aperture
affects the images exposure by changing the diameter of the lens opening , which controls the amount of light reaching the image sensor.
image sensor
converts the optical image to an electronic signal, which is sent to your memory card
LCD Screen
Found on the back of the body and can vary in size. On DSLRs, the LCD is mainly for viewing photos after shooting
flash
On-board flash provides a bit of extra lighting in dim, low light situations
Focus ring
A ring typically found on the lens that allows manual control of the cameras focus
exposure compensation button
if you want to control aperture, you need to hold down this button. If not in manual mode, this button allow you to adjust exposure compensation- make the image brighter or darker while still letting the camera make its own decisions about which settings to use
Flash button
the button will trigger pop-up flash. "lightning bolt" symbol
Lens release button
press this button to unlock the lens mount and detach the lens by rotating it