What are Pacinian corpuscles responsible for detecting?
A: detect sustained pressure and are felt over a larger area than touch.
What is the function of Meissner’s corpuscles and Merkel’s light discs?
A: are responsible for discriminative touch (light touch).
What are nociceptors and where are they located
A: are free dendrites in the epidermis of the skin that respond to pain.
Q: What do gustatory receptors detect
A: detect taste sensations: sweet, sour, salty, and bitter.
Q: What do olfactory receptors detect
A: detect smell sensations.
Q: What is the function of the end bulb of Krause
A: detects cold sensations.
Q: What is the role of Ruffini’s end organ
A: detects heat sensations.
Q: Where are proprioceptors located and what do they sense
A: are located in muscles, joints, and the inner ear and sense body position and movement.
Q: What is the function of the sclera
A: is the tough, white outer covering of the eye.
Q: What is the role of the cornea in the eye
A: the front of the eye where the sclera becomes transparent and helps focus light.
Q: What is the function of the choroid
A: is the pigmented inner layer of the eye, responsible for the "night shine" in nocturnal mammals.
Q: What does the conjunctiva do
A: is a delicate epithelial layer that covers the sclera and helps keep the eye moist.
Q: What does the iris control
A: is the pigmented outer layer of the eye that controls the amount of light entering the eye by adjusting the size of the pupil.
Q: What is the function of the pupil
A: is the hole in the center of the iris that allows light to pass into the eye.
Q: What does the lens do in the eye
A: focuses light onto the retina to help with clear vision.
Q: What is the ciliary body's role in the eye
A:produces aqueous humor and helps to focus light by altering the shape of the lens.
Q: What is aqueous humor
A: is the clear, watery fluid produced by the ciliary body that occupies the space between the cornea and the lens.
Q: What is the function of the vitreous humor
A: is a jellylike material that fills the space behind the lens and helps maintain the eye's shape.
Q: What are rods responsible for
A: are responsible for night (black and white) vision and are located mostly on the periphery of the retina.
Q: What are cones responsible for
A: are responsible for color vision and are most numerous in the fovea region of the retina.
Q: What is the fovea and why is it important
A: is the center of the visual field, where humans see the sharpest vision due to the high concentration of cones.
Q: What is the blind spot in the eye
A: is the point where the optic nerve leaves the retina, and it contains no photoreceptors.
Q: What is the function of the pinna (auricle)
A: is the external surface of the ear that helps capture sound waves.
Q: What does the auditory canal do
A: is the passage that leads from the outside to the eardrum.
Q: What is the role of the tympanic membrane (eardrum)
A: vibrates in response to sound waves, transmitting sound to the middle ear.
Q: What is the function of the Eustachian tube
A: connects the middle ear to the pharynx and equalizes air pressure in the middle ear with the atmosphere.
Q: What is the function of the malleus (hammer)
A: is the first ossicle in the middle ear and directly attaches to the eardrum to transmit vibrations.
Q: What is the function of the incus (anvil)
A: is the second ossicle, located between the malleus and stapes, and helps transmit sound vibrations.
Q: What is the role of the stapes (stirrup)
A: is the third ossicle in the middle ear and attaches to the oval window, leading to the inner ear.
Q: What does the utricle detect
A: detects forward and backward movement as part of the vestibular system.
Q: What is the function of the semicircular canals
A: detect head position and movement in three spatial planes.
Q: What is the role of the saccule
A: detects up or down movement and works with the semicircular canals for balance.
Q: What is the cochlea's function
A: contains hair cells that detect sound and convert it into neural signals.
Q: What are the two canals of the cochlea
A: The vestibular canal (upper) and tympanic canal (lower) are part of the cochlea involved in hearing.
Q: What is the function of the Organ of Corti
A: contains hair cells that detect sound vibrations within the cochlea.
Q: What does the cerebrum control
A: is involved in thought, motor control, and sensory processing, divided into the frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes.
Q: What is the function of the frontal lobe
A: is responsible for primary motor control and higher cognitive functions such as thinking and decision-making.
Q: What does the parietal lobe control
A: is responsible for sensory processing, speech, reading, and taste.
Q: What is the function of the temporal lobe
A: is responsible for hearing and olfaction (sense of smell).
Q: What does the occipital lobe control
A: is responsible for vision.
Q: What is the corpus callosum
A: is a structure that connects the two hemispheres of the cerebrum and acts as a relay center between them.
Q: What is the role of the cerebellum
A: coordinates movements and maintains balance.
Q: What does the pons do
A: assists the medulla oblongata in regulating autonomic functions like breathing and heart rate.
Q: What are the functions of the medulla oblongata
A: controls autonomic functions such as swallowing, breathing, digestion, and heart rate.
Q: What does the limbic system govern
A: governs emotions, memory, behavior, motivation, and learning