gene
contains the genetic information
allele
two or more different forms of a gene that code for different variations of the same trait
gene locus
the specific location of a gene on a chromosome
chromosome
a DNA molecule with proteins
true breeding
offspring of their crosses are all like the parents in one or more traits
homozygous
same identical alleles
heterozygous
different alleles
dominant allele
masks the presence of the homozygous allele
recessive allele
only expressed when in homozygous state
incomplete dominance
two alleles that when heterozygous create an blended phenotype
codominance
two alleles neither of which dominates the other, heterozygous exhibits both forms of the trait
multiple traits
a gene that has more than two different alleles for a trait within a population
genotype
description of an allele
phenotype
observable traits of an individual
probabilty
likelihood of an event
hybrid
a heterozygote for a specific trait
monohybrid cross
a cross between individuals that are heterozygous for a single trait
dihybrid cross
a cross between individuals that are heterozygous for two traits
testcross
a cross between an individual with a dominant phenotype but unknown genotype against a homozygous recessive
law of segraegation
individualinherits pairs of genes for traits and that the two genes segregate into separate gametes during meiosis