In the warfare that raged between the Indians and the American military after the Civil War,
a.
the Indians were never as well armed as the soldiers.
b.
the U.S. army was able to dominate with its superior technology.
c.
there was often great cruelty and massacres on both sides.
d.
Indians proved to be no match for the soldiers.
e.
Indians and soldiers seldom came into face-to-face combat.
C
The Plains Indians were finally forced to surrender
a.
because they were decimated by their constant intertribal warfare.
b.
when they realized that agriculture was more profitable than hunting.
c.
after such famous leaders as Geronimo and Sitting Bull were killed.
d.
when the army began using artillery against them.
e.
by the coming of the railroads and the virtual extermination of the buffalo.
E
A Century of Dishonor (1881), which chronicled the dismal history of Indian-white relations, was authored by
a.
Harriet Beecher Stowe.
b.
Helen Hunt Jackson.
c.
Chief Joseph.
d.
Joseph F. Glidden.
e.
William F. Cody.
B
The United States government's outlawing of the Indian Sun (Ghost) Dance in 1890 resulted in the
a.
Battle of Wounded Knee.
b.
Sand Creek massacre.
c.
Battle of Little Big Horn.
d.
Dawes Severalty Act.
e.
Carlisle Indian School.
A
The Dawes Severalty Act was designed to promote Indian
a.
prosperity.
b.
annihilation.
c.
assimilation.
d.
culture.
e.
education.
C
Which of these is NOT a true statement about women on the frontier?
a.
Women worked as prostitutes on the frontier.
b.
Some women made money running boarding houses.
c.
Women earned a kind of equality on the frontier.
d.
Frontier women got the right to vote much later than women in the East.
e.
Women found a variety of opportunities in the West.
D
One major problem with the Homestead Act was that
a.
the government continued to try to maximize its revenue from public lands.
b.
160 acres were inadequate for productive farming on the rain-scarce Great Plains.
c.
midwestern farmers had to give up raising livestock because of stiff competition with the West.
d.
most homesteaders knew little or nothing about farming in the West.
e.
it took several years to earn a profit from farming a homestead.
B
Sooners were settlers who "jumped the gun" in order to
a.
pan gold in California.
b.
stake claims in the Comstock Lode in Nevada.
c.
claim land in Oklahoma before the territory was legally opened to settlement.
d.
drive the first cattle to Montana and Wyoming.
e.
grab town sites in the Dakotas.
C
In 1890, when the superintendent of the census announced that a stable frontier line was no longer discernible, Americans were disturbed because
a.
they knew that the Homestead Act would no longer do them much good.
b.
they thought that there would be a renewal of Indian warfare.
c.
the idea of an endlessly open West had been an element of America's history from the beginning.
d.
many of them hoped eventually to migrate to the West.
e.
they feared that an influx of new western states would strengthen the Populists and other radicals.
C
The root cause of the American farmers' problems after 1880 was
a.
urban growth.
b.
foreign competition.
c.
the declining number of farms and farmers.
d.
the shortage of farm machinery.
e.
low prices and a deflated currency.
E
In the last decades of the nineteenth century, the volume of agricultural goods ____, and the price received for these goods ____.
a.
increased; decreased
b.
decreased; increased
c.
increased; also increased
d.
decreased; also decreased
e.
increased; stayed the same.
A
Farmers were slow to organize and promote their interest because they
a.
were not well educated.
b.
did not possess the money necessary to establish a national political movement.
c.
were divided by the wealthier, more powerful manufacturers and railroad barons.
d.
were too busy trying to eke out a living.
e.
were, by nature, highly independent and individualistic.
E
The first major farmers' organization was the
a.
National Grange.
b.
Populists.
c.
Greenback Labor party.
d.
Farmers' Alliance.
e.
American Farm Bureau.
A
For farm men and women , Granges were a godsend because
a.
they required members to pitch in and help each other during harvest season.
b.
the picnics, concerts and lectures they offered helped ease their isolation.
c.
their secret rituals kept out people they didn't like.
d.
they sold farming supplies at a deep discount.
e.
they helped members join together to take advantage of opportunities via the Homestead Act.
A
The Farmers' Alliance was especially weakened by
a.
its political ineptitude.
b.
its inability to overcome racial divisions in the South.
c.
corrupt leadership.
d.
its failure to target landowners.
e.
regional concentration in the South.
B
During the 1892 presidential election, large numbers of southern white farmers refused to desert the Democratic Party and support the Populist Party because
a.
they did not think the Populists represented their political interests.
b.
they were not experiencing the same hard times as Midwestern farmers.
c.
the history of racial division in the region made it hard to cooperate with blacks.
d.
they believed that too many Populists were former Republicans.
e.
they could not accept the Populists' call for government ownership of the railroads, telegraph, and telephones.
C
Jacob Coxey and his army marched on Washington, D.C., to
a.
demand a larger military budget.
b.
protest the repeal of the Sherman Silver Purchase Act.
c.
demand that the government relieve unemployment with a public works program.
d.
try to promote a general strike of all workers.
e.
demand the immediate payment of bonuses to Civil War veterans.
C
The depression of the 1890s and episodes like the Pullman Strike made the election of 1896 shape up as a
a.
battle between down-and-out workers and farmers and establishment conservatives.
b.
conflict between the insurgent Populists and the two established political parties.
c.
sectional conflict with the West aligned against the Northeast and South.
d.
contest over the power of the federal government to manage a modern industrial economy like the United States.
e.
clash of cultures between ordinary middle-class Americans and European-oriented radicals and reformers.
A
Mark Hanna, the Ohio Republican president-maker, believed that the prime function of the federal government was to
a.
defend against foreign enemies.
b.
maintain a laissez-faire policy.
c.
not "rock the boat" of prosperity.
d.
overturn the trickle down theory of economics.
e.
provide aid to big business.
E
In the election of 1896, the major issue became
a.
restoration of protective tariffs.
b.
enactment of an income tax.
c.
government programs for those unemployed as a result of the depression.
d.
the rights of farmers and industrial workers.
e.
free and unlimited coinage of silver.
E